Abstract
Eerdun Wurile (EW) is one of the most widely used traditional Mongolian medicines for stroke recovery. Previous studies revealed that EW regulates brain gene expression in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the fraction of active components and the specific genes regulated by such fractions have not been elucidated clearly. The study shows that the extracts of EW regulate the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death was reversed by EW extracts, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2, PARP and NF-kB p65 was upregulated by EW extract, while Bax was downregulated. Similarly, caspase 9 and Jnk was remarkably downregulated by EW extracts. Significantly, EW extracts promoted the neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells. Our data collectively suggested that EW contains active fractions that regulate the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which may contribute to the neural protection effect of EW. Key words: Eerdun Wurile, Gene expression, antioxidant, PC-12 cell, apoptosis.  
Highlights
Stroke is the second major cause of death worldwide (Donnan et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2017)
Yield of the extracts increased with the increase of the polarity of the solvent used in the extraction process, with water yielding the highest amount of the chemical mixture and petroleum ether providing the least amount of solid products
This study shows that the extracts of Eerdun Wurile (EW) reverse hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increase Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as CAT activity
Summary
Stroke is the second major cause of death worldwide (Donnan et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2017). The remarkable therapeutic effects and negligible side effects of EW are due to the natural products used for the formulation of EW, including fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, Amomum tsaoko, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, seeds of Myristica fragrans, Abutilon theophrasti, Melia toosendan, Cassia obtusifolia, flowers of Sieb Carthamus tinctorius, and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fis, and Saussurea costus These plants contain bioactive molecules such as isoliquiritigenin and diphenylheptanes, which have been proven to have protective effects in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke model (Zhan and Yang, 2006) through protection from nerve injury and post-stroke recovery (Zhang et al, 2016; Han et al, 2017)
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