Abstract
Protamines are short and highly basic sperm-specific nuclear proteins. Though the expression profile of protamines 1 and 2 is well known, but there is little knowledge of protamine 3 expression in bovine semen. In this study, Frieswal (HF x Sahiwal) crossbred bulls were categorized into two groups (good and poor quality) based on the initial progressive motility of semen and other seminal parameters. The mRNA expression of PRM3 gene among two groups was evaluated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan chemistry, where peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) was used as an internal control. Our finding revealed that expression of PRM3 was down regulated in poor quality semen producers as compared to good quality semen producing group, but unfortunately no significant difference of transcript abundance was observed between the groups. To shed light on present findings, it can thus assume that PRM3 may not be a prognostic marker to differentiate good and poor quality bull semen in Frieswal cattle. Keywords: Protamine 3, Frieswal, semen, expression African Journal of Bioitechnoloy , Vol 13(19), 1999-2003
Highlights
To differentiate into spermatozoa, haploid spermatids undergo complex morphological and physiological changes during spermatogenesis
Bulls were categorized into normal and impaired groups based on basic semen parameters like volume, sperm concentration, number of sperm/ejaculates, initial progressive motility and post thaw motility (PTM)
Presence of genomic DNA, the intron-spanning primers of PRM1 gene produced an amplicon of 334 bp, whereas a single band corresponding to the size of 234 bp observed in case of pure cDNA without genomic DNA
Summary
To differentiate into spermatozoa, haploid spermatids undergo complex morphological and physiological changes during spermatogenesis. These changes include chromatin remodeling and condensation mediated through the replacement of somatic histones by transition proteins and protamines (Wykes and Krawetz, 2003). PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 genes encode basic chromosomal proteins and are located in a compact gene cluster as observed in mouse, rat and human (Balhorn et al, 2000; Engel et al, 1992; Ferraz et al, 2010; Schluter et al, 1992; Singh and Rao, 1988; Le Lannic et al., 1993). The protamine gene cluster contains a fourth gene, designed protamine 3 (PRM3), located between the PRM2 and TNP2 genes in rat, human and mouse
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