Abstract
Secondary metabolites may play a number of roles, among them, is the activation of plant defense mechanisms, such as phytoalexins and the synthesis of antioxidative enzymes. This study aimed to test the eliciting activity of phytoalexins of Lippia sidoides Cham. and six endophytic fungi associated with it and to verify the synthesis of the enzymes, as a response to the antioxidative and antifungal system. The assays were performed using spectrophotometric methods. Of the concentrations of essential oil used, 7.5 mg mL-1 was 66.48% higher than the Acorda® positive control for the induction of glyceollin. The endophytic fungus, Verticillium sp. showed the best result for 3-deoxythianocyanidine production. Excellent results were demonstrated by the LS-14 fungus for superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (130 U g-1 E-1 min-1); by L. sidoides for the activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme (3821 μmol ASA g-1 E-1 min-1); by L. sidoides for the activity of catalase enzyme (2429 μmol H2O2 g-1 E-1 min-1); by Fusarium sp. 2 for the activity of phenol peroxidase (87 μmol H2O2 g-1 E-1 min-1) and by Fusarium sp. 1 for the activity of chitinase (0.214 U min-1). Both the essential oil of L. sidoides and the extracts of the endophytic fungi had a positive response to the induction of phytoalexin and presence of enzymes related to antioxidative activity were verified and shown. Key words: Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase phenols, ascorbate peroxidase, chitinase.
Highlights
Secondary metabolites may play a number of roles, among them, is the activation of plant defense mechanisms, such as phytoalexins and the synthesis of antioxidative enzymes
Excellent results were demonstrated by the code of the unidentified fungus (LS-14) fungus for superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (130 U g-1 E-1 min-1); by L. sidoides for the activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme (3821 μmol ASA g-1 E-1 min-1); by L. sidoides for the activity of catalase enzyme (2429 μmol H2O2 g-1 E-1 min-1); by Fusarium sp. 2 for the activity of phenol peroxidase (87 μmol H2O2 g-1 E-1 min-1) and by Fusarium sp. 1 for the activity of chitinase (0.214 units of absorbance min-1 (U min-1))
Phytoalexin 3-deoxythyanocyanidine induction was observed in sorghum mesocotyls (Figure 1B) production at all tested concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg mL-1)
Summary
Secondary metabolites may play a number of roles, among them, is the activation of plant defense mechanisms, such as phytoalexins and the synthesis of antioxidative enzymes. 1 for the activity of chitinase (0.214 U min-1) Both the essential oil of L. sidoides and the extracts of the endophytic fungi had a positive response to the induction of phytoalexin and presence of enzymes related to antioxidative activity were verified and shown. When plants come in contact with so-called elicitors, their defense system is activated, which induces resistance (Smith, 1996) The presence of these molecules, demonstrates antimicrobial activity with important actions in the protection of plants since they do not have an immune system like the vertebrates (Jenssen et al, 2006). They can be called phytoalexins, which are synthesized in cytoplasmic inclusions near the site of attempted entry of the pathogen. They disorganize the cellular content; the plasma membrane is ruptured and fungal enzymes are deactivated (PeiterBeninca et al, 2008)
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