Abstract
This study determined the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization rate among ruminant animals slaughtered for human consumption and contact persons. Nasal and milk product samples were collected from the main abbatoir in Maiduguri and analyzed using standard bacteriological procedures. A total of 510 samples were analyzed, 87 (17.1%) S. aureus isolates were identified, 33 (34.6%) MRSA and 54 (65.9%) methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were detected. 19 (21.8%) MRSA and 17 (19.5) MSSA strains were recovered from cattle, 10 (12.5%) MRSA isolates were recovered from the Red Bororo cattle breed and 12 (17.1) MSSA from carmelius dromedarius. In overall antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MRSA isolates exhibited multidrug resistance pattern, moderate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (42.2%), tobramycin (36.4%), amikacin (36.4%), streptomycin (42.2%), while majority of MSSA isolates demonstrated high sensitivity pattern (>70%). Six (6.9%) S. aureus isolates (2 MRSA from cattle and 4 MSSA from sheep) exhibited inducible phenotype. In conclusion, the study findings reveal a relatively high MRSA colonization rate and unique resistance pattern, particularly to topical antimicrobial agents (fusidic acid, mupirocin) that are not routinely used in veterinary medical practice in the study area. The study findings provides a baseline epidemiological information for better understanding of MRSA infections in human and veterinary medicine including foods of animal origin. Key words: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), colonization rate, ruminant animals, contact persons, abattoir.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterial pathogens that colonize the anterior nares of human and different animals, including farm animals (Wertheim et al, 2004; Weese and Duijkeren, 2009)
Since the first report of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain in 1961, the pathogen had attracted public health attention worldwide because it was identified as the major causative agent of hospital associated infections responsible for the significant proportion of hospital admission
Institutional Review Board and Borno State Veterinary Department attached with abattoir approved the study and the sample collection
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterial pathogens that colonize the anterior nares of human and different animals, including farm animals (Wertheim et al, 2004; Weese and Duijkeren, 2009). Is attributable to the expression of wide range of extracellular toxins and virulence factors responsible for superficial and systemic infections (Jarraud et al, 2002; Francis et al, 2005). Since the first report of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain in 1961, the pathogen had attracted public health attention worldwide because it was identified as the major causative agent of hospital associated infections responsible for the significant proportion of hospital admission. MRSA strains was detected in the community setting termed as CA-MRSA, with distinctive predisposing risk factors and molecular characteristics (Francis et al, 2005). The epidemiological trend of MRSA continued to evolve in its phenotypic/molecular characteristics, predisposing risk factors and associated clinical conditions presentations/complications
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