Abstract
The effect of nickel on hematological parameters and behaviour in Cyprinus carpioafter a 96 h exposure to nickel test was investigated. Cyprinus carpio fingerlings were obtained from local fish hatchery. Morphometric characteristics of experimental fish were recorded. Fish of both sexes were stocked without discrimination. The fish were exposed to different concentrations (0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 mg/l) of nickel sulphate using standard screening procedure. The mortality rate of the experimental fish was increased with increase in concentration of nickel. The 96 h median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) was 12.44 mg Ni/L using the logarithmic method with dose-mortality regression line y = 188.224x – 86.52. The dissolved oxygen concentration decreased with increase in the level of Ni. All the blood parameters (erythrocyte, leucocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin count) decreased with increasing dose of nickel and become significantly lower (P < 0.05) at higher concentration when compared with the control. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were also lowered with concentration of toxicant when compared with the control. The results of the present study showed that a short-term exposures to high levels of nickel induced stress reactions in C. carpio. Some adaptive changes were observed; preparing the organism to an increased energy expense, whereas other changes showed a considerable immunosuppressive effect of stress. It was concluded that changes observed indicate that hematological parameters can be used as an indicator of Ni stress in C. carpio. Key words: Cyprinus carpio, nickel, bioaccumulation, mortality, haematology, behaviour
Highlights
Toxic effects may include both lethality and sublethal effects such as changes in behaviour, development, reproduction, pathology biochemistry and behaviour (Rand and Petrocelli, 1985)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were lowered with concentration of toxicant when compared with the control
The results of the present study showed that a short-term exposures to high levels of nickel induced stress reactions in C. carpio
Summary
Toxic effects may include both lethality and sublethal effects such as changes in behaviour, development, reproduction, pathology biochemistry and behaviour (Rand and Petrocelli, 1985). Heavy metals from natural and anthropogenic sources are continuously released into aquatic ecosystem (Oymak et al, 2009) Due to their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties in the food chain, heavy metals constitute a core group of aquatic pollutants (Uysal et al, 2008; Moorthikumar and Muthulingm, 2010). According to Eisler and Gardener (1973) heavy metals are being passed on into aqueous environments through industrial processes, sewage disposal, soil leaching and rainfall. They further reported that concentrations of these heavy metals are sublethal or lethal to aquatic organisms when the duration of exposure to these metals are prolonged. Many metals play a vital role in the physiological processes of plants, animals and humans, yet excess concentration of metals is harmful (Ololade and Oginni, 2010)
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