Abstract
The aim of our research was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors on epileptic patients treated at the Fann University Hospital and to study the influence of haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism on disease progression. In order to do that, eighty-six (86) patients followed in neurology for at least 2 years were recruited. Each patient was matched to a control according to age and sex. Hp phenotyping was performed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and lipid peroxidation was quantified by the dosage of the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). The determination of a number of biochemical parameters was performed in both patients and controls. The evaluation of lipid parameters showed significant differences in total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and atherogenic index between patients and controls. For C-Reactive Protein-ultra sensible (CRP-us) values greater than 3 mg / L, a statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.009). The frequencies of the three major phenotypes of patients compared to controls has shown significant difference only for Hp2-2 phenotype (p = 0.042). The significant increase of TBARS for patients compared to controls suggested an oxidative mechanism. Results have shown a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during the progression of epilepsy. The influence of Hp polymorphism in modulating oxidative stress suggests that taking antioxidants may have a beneficial effect, especially in patients of phenotype Hp2-2. Key words: Epilepsy, haptoglobin polymorphism, cardiovascular risks.
Highlights
Epilepsy is considered as one of the most widespread diseases in the world with a prevalence of 0.5 to 1% in the population (Hauser et al, 1991)
This long-term therapy poses a dilemma for practitioner since it was reported that it is associated to an endothelial dysfunction with the appearance of adverse reactions that can accelerate the occurrence of atherosclerosis (Hamed et al, 2007; Tan et al, 2009)
When the distribution was made according to the Hp phenotype, the Hp2-2 phenotype subjects showed elevated thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) rates compared to other types of Hp but the differences were not found to be significant
Summary
Epilepsy is considered as one of the most widespread diseases in the world with a prevalence of 0.5 to 1% in the population (Hauser et al, 1991). The role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the transformation of macrophages into foam cells was one of the key points of the genesis of the atheromatous plaque (Moatti, 2003) This oxidative stress was potentially involved in many diseases as a trigger, or associated to complications in their evolution. The functional polymorphism of genes encoding certain enzymes and / or proteins may play a important role in explaining the differences in susceptibility among patients with different phenotypes of epilepsy. Participants homozygous for the Hp 22 allele had a 5-fold increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases as compared to participants homozygous for the Hp 1-1, allele (Asleh et al, 2003). The aim of this research was to study the frequency of major Hp phenotypes in epileptic patients treated at the University Hospital of Fann and evaluate the number of cardiovascular risk factors
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