Abstract
Proximate composition and shelf-life studies of wild and pond-raised catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were determined using chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses. Proximate composition of both wild and pond-raised catfish showed differences in the lipid and protein levels. The pond-raised fish had higher lipid (6.30%) and protein (20.00%) than the wild fish lipid (4.48%) and protein (18.05%). Whole ungutted wild and pond-raised catfish was in good and satisfactory conditions for 17 and 22 days, respectively when stored in ice immediately after harvesting. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the storage life in ice of the wild and pond-raised catfish. The descriptive sensory evaluation showed that the fish underwent changes in eyes, gills, texture, odour and general appearance. The statistical analysis showed that the correlations between the cooked odour, texture and flavour of both samples were significant at p < 0.05. The wild and pond-raised catfish showed a decline in sensory parameters during storage in ice with concomitant increase in bacteria counts and total volatile bases (TVB). The microbial population was dominated by bacilli, the counts ranged from 11.5 × 102 cfu/g to 15.4 × 102 cfu/g for wild catfish and 9.7 × 102 cfu/g to 11.1 × 102 cfu/g for the pond-raised catfish. Rejection of the catfish after 22 days was based mainly on rancid, putrid, feacal, ammoniacal and sulphide odours. TVB ranged from 2.41 to 20.50 mg/100 g for wild catfish and 2.86 to 22.88 mg/100 g for pond-raised catfish. Key words: Sensory changes, farmed Clarias, wild Clarias, shelf-life.
Highlights
This study examines the proximate and organoleptic changes in wild and farmed C. gariepinus stored in ice
The results showed that Clarias in ice for about 6 days has flavour characteristics of the species and a very strong meaty odour with a score of 5.0
The differences observed in the proximate composition of wild and pond-raised Clarias can be attributed to the supplementary diets given to the pond-raised Clarias
Summary
Fish is one of the most valuable sources of high protein in Nigeria and catfish in particular is one of resource of economic importance in the small-scale fishery subsector and knowledge of its composition during storage is essential if the fullest use is to be made of it. Effiong and Fakunle (2011) studied the proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Bagrus bayad and Citharinus citharus and reported that their protein content ranged from 21.62 to 60.57%, ether extract was. Proximate composition of some fresh water fishes from Ikosi Dam, Ogbomosho, Nigeria was reported by Adeyeye and Ayoola (2010). They observed that moisture content ranged from 53.80 to 61.27%, 22.45 to 24.45%, 3.65 to 5.65% and 8.14 to. Olele (2012) studied the nutrient composition of Gnathonemus damandua, Chrysichtys nigrodigitatus and Auchenoglanis biscutatus caught from River Niger. He observed that moisture content, crude protein, ether extract and ash data ranged as follows: 7.07 to 11.14%, 6.32 to. This study examines the proximate and organoleptic changes in wild and farmed C. gariepinus stored in ice
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