Abstract
The components of essential oils from the leaf and fruit peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Santra (santra mandarin) cultivated in Egypt were explored qualitatively and quantitatively using GLC and GLC/MS and 131 components were identified and quantified. In the leaf oil, one hundred and nine (109) compounds were determined with sabinene (23.10%) and linalool (21.20%) as a major component. The total identified components in the fruit peel oil were sixty-four and limonene (79.64%) was the most abundant. Santra mandarin volatile components showed good anti-inflammatory activity represented by its effect on tumor necrosis factor- α and nitric oxide. Egyptian santra mandarin chemotype was distinguished as limonene for peel oil while sabinene/linalool was observed for leaf oil. This study could be the milestone for the reuse and recycling of Egyptian santra mandarin leaves and fruit peel as a common waste products. The study also suggests the use of these wastes for the production of more valuable pure compounds such as limonene, sabinene and linalool. Key words: Santra mandarin, essential oils, gas chromatography (GLC) and GLC/MS, chemotaxonomy, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities.
Highlights
Citrus plants are well-known crops all over the world with potential socio-economic influence
The machinery for production of several volatile components could be located in the plant, it will not be used until needed according to the plant’s ecosystem and surrounding conditions
Hydro-distilled oils from the fruit peel and leaf of santra mandarin were analyzed by GC-MS and many components of the oils were identified on the basis of their mass analysis and retention indices
Summary
Citrus plants are well-known crops all over the world with potential socio-economic influence. Many Citrus species among the different variety of Citrus reticulata, are acknowledged as food supplements and nutraceuticals for many physiological, pharmacological and medicinal activities such as antimicrobial (Chutia et al, 2009; Espina et al, 2010; Singh et al, 2010; Sultana et al, 2012; Tao et al, 2014), antioxidant (Goulas and Manganaris, 2011; Barros et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2014), anti-inflammatory (Menichini et al, 2011), anticancer (Manthey and Guthrie, 2002; Benavente-Garcia and Castillo, 2008), antiproliferative (Du and Chen, 2010), anti-pulmonary fibrosis (Zhou et al, 2013), hypoglycemic (Aruoma et al, 2012) and insecticidal (Jayaprakasha et al, 1997; Sutthanont et al, 2010) activities
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