Abstract
X-Chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) typing can complement existing DNA profiling protocols and can also offer useful information in cases of complex kinship analysis. This is the first population study of 8 X-linked STRs in Iraq. The purpose of this work was to provide a basic data of allele and haplotype frequency for x-linked markers and methods that are commonly used to analyze microsatellites, and the subsequent possibilities of using these specifities especially in forensic genetics. FTA® Technology (FTA™ paper DNA extraction) was utilized to extract DNA. Amplification was performed using the Mentype® Argus X-UL PCR amplification kit. Products were detected using ABI PRISMR 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Forensic efficiency parameters showed that DXS7132, DXS7423, DXS8378, HPRTB, DXS10074, DXS10101, DXS10134 and DXS10135 are suitable for forensic application in Iraq. All the analyzed markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE); therefore Hardy Weinberg laws could be applied for match probability calculation. Keywords: Allele Frequency, Haplotype Frequency, Iraq, Short Tandem Repeat (STR), X-chromosome
Highlights
X-Chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) are helpful in paternity testing and kinship analyses, such as father-daughter, mother-son and grandmothergranddaughter kinship testing, or the kinship testing of putative sisters (Excoffier and Lischer, 2010)
We investigated the polymorphisms and haplotypes of the Argus X-8 loci in Iraq and evaluated their efficiency in forensic practice
X-Linked markers in Mentype® Argus X-8 PCR amplification kit proved to be highly polymorphic with a high power of discrimination
Summary
X-Chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) are helpful in paternity testing and kinship analyses, such as father-daughter, mother-son and grandmothergranddaughter kinship testing, or the kinship testing of putative sisters (Excoffier and Lischer, 2010). The Argus X-8 kit enables simultaneous amplification of eight STR loci located on human chromosome X, that is DXS7132, DXS7423, DXS8378, DXS10074, DXS10101, DXS10134, DXS10135, HPRTB and the locus of Amelogenin (Gomes et al, 2009) (Figure 1). Autosomal markers are helpful in solving most of the forensic tasks in DNA analysis. Some of them need the implementation of STRs on the sex chromosomes (gonosomes) (Diegoli and Coble, 2011; Mohammed and Imad, 2013). Gonosomal STR markers are helpful in the investigation of relationships among individuals of different generations, especially when key persons of the pedigree are missing. The use of gonosomal STRs in the analysis of DNA traces in forensic purposes is strongly rising (Becker et al, 2008; Muhanned et al, 2015)
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