Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the major essential macronutrients limiting plant growth owing to its low bioavailability in soils. Fertilizer phosphorus tends to be fixed soon after application and becomes mostly unavailable, low recovery by crops and a considerable phosphorus accumulation in soils. Several processes of the phosphorus cycle in soils remain obscure, despite large research efforts devoted to increasing the phosphorus availability to plants. The biofertilizer effect of phosphate solublizing bacteria on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Oryza sativa was studied in a field experiment. Positive effect on plant growth, nutrient uptake, grain yield and yield components in O. sativa plants was recorded in the treatment inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The PSB inoculated with O. sativa, increased significantly the average root length by 32.95%, average shoot length by 11.00%, numbers of roots by 38.46%, shoot biomass by 90.48%, root biomass by 3.77% as compared to control. The pigments increased the level of total chlorophyll by 68.70%, chlorophyll-a by 53.50%, chlorophyll-b by 80.47% and carotenoids by 45.83%, as compared to control and they also increase the level of carbohydrate by 33.33%, protein by 41.21% and amino acids by 30.23% as compared to control. Thus PSB is beneficial in raising vigorous of O. sativa under nursery and field conditions. Key words: Biofertilizer, growth improvement, phosphate solubilising bacteria, Oryza sativa, root biomass.
Highlights
Phosphorus as an essential mineral nutrient for plant growth and development is the world’s second highest chemical input in agriculture
Identified phosphobacterial species of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Arthrobacter ilicis, Micrococcus roseus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Micrococcus luteus were isolated from mangrove environments and were incoculated separately into 100ml of Pikocsky’s broth and were cultured at 28 ± 1°C for 5 days in a shaker
The inoculation of different phosphobacterial species of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth parameters of Oryza sativa reveals that, the Micrococcus roseus enhanced the root length by 32.95%, the Bacillus megaterium and Enterobacter aerogenes enhanced the shoot length by 38.46%, the Escherichia coli, Arthrobacter ilicis, Micrococcus roseus, Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter aerogenes enhanced the root biomass 3.77% and Arthrobacter ilicis, Escherichia coli enhanced the average shoot length and shoot biomass was increased by 11.00% and 90.48% respectively (Table 1)
Summary
Phosphorus as an essential mineral nutrient for plant growth and development is the world’s second highest chemical input in agriculture. Plants utilize fewer amounts of phosphate fertilizers that are applied and the rest is rapidly converted into insoluble complexes in the soil. This phenomenon encourages farmers to frequent application of phosphate fertilizers. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are used as biofertilizer since 1950’s (Kudashev, 1956; Krasilinikov, 1957). These microorganisms secrete different types of organic acids e.g., carboxylic acid (Deubel and Merbach, 2005) lowering the pH in the rhizosphere (He and Zhu, 1988) and dissociate the bound forms of phosphate like Ca3 (PO4) in calcareous soils
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