English signage around U.S. military bases in Japan: Insights from linguistic landscape research

This study incorporates the effects of culture and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the investigation of Chinese college students’ use of English in communication with U. S. college students. Ethnography of communication was used as the method to uncover four language patterns in Chinese college students’ use of English: others-oriented talk, mentor-mentee talk with limited relationship development, adoption of others’ talk, and icebreaker talk. Chinese cultural values showed a strong effect on Chinese college students’ use of English in CMC. Chinese cultural values included Chinese significance of personal relationships, Chinese collectivism, Chinese understanding of authority, and Chinese use of CMC. The characteristics of CMC showed minimal effect as either a constraint or a way of encouragement in the four language patterns.

This study incorporates the effects of culture and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the investigation of Chinese college students’ use of English in communication with U. S. college students. Ethnography of communication was used as the method to uncover four language patterns in Chinese college students’ use of English: others-oriented talk, mentor-mentee talk with limited relationship development, adoption of others’ talk, and icebreaker talk. Chinese cultural values showed a strong effect on Chinese college students’ use of English in CMC. Chinese cultural values included Chinese significance of personal relationships, Chinese collectivism, Chinese understanding of authority, and Chinese use of CMC. The characteristics of CMC showed minimal effect as either a constraint or a way of encouragement in the four language patterns. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

This study incorporates the effects of culture and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the investigation of Chinese college students’ use of English in communication with U. S. college students. Ethnography of communication was used as the method to uncover four language patterns in Chinese college students’ use of English: others-oriented talk, mentor-mentee talk with limited relationship development, adoption of others’ talk, and icebreaker talk. Chinese cultural values showed a strong effect on Chinese college students’ use of English in CMC. Chinese cultural values included Chinese significance of personal relationships, Chinese collectivism, Chinese understanding of authority, and Chinese use of CMC. The characteristics of CMC showed minimal effect as either a constraint or a way of encouragement in the four language patterns.

The case study is a chronicle of Korean elementary students’ efforts to gain autonomous control of a foreign language, English, from the top down, that is, through use of English in communication (as opposed to mere exposure to English through study or through the passive absorption of comprehensible input). This communicative use of English is realized through materials pertinent to their overall development and not just to their language development. The materials include a surrogate self or avatar within a virtual learning environment which can, in principle, though not in this study, connect them with children all over the world. The question for this study is how the use of an avatar in a virtual learning environment brings about not only the learning of vocabulary and grammar (similar to the piecemeal learning that happens in any classroom) but also interacts with and even activates the child’s overall psychological development the way that play awakens developmental functions on the playground.

Feedback is a vital process within English language learning, it performs an important role during error correction to develop language skills, especially one feature of speech which is pronunciation. For this reason, pronunciation is significant for communication and must be understandable, accurate, and clear for effectiveness. Therefore, the objective of the present research is to analyze the use of Feedback Recast in the 10th "A" of General Basic of the Educational Unit "Pensionado Olivo" to improve English pronunciation. This research is non-experimental with a mixed approach, a descriptive modality, and an exploratory level. As a result, it was evidenced that the strategies used in the teaching-learning process of English pronunciation are not well applied. In addition, the methodological process system used in the application of Recast has inconsistencies Therefore, the students do not acquire the necessary competence in pronunciation to achieve an appropriate use of English in communication. Finally, it specifies the correct methodological process that converts the recast into an effective tool to identify and improve pronunciation in the English language.

A common phenomenon in a multilingual nation, especially a nation where a second language exists among different native languages, is the ‘linguistic interference’ which impedes effective communication among the people that use such a second language. This issue could be attributed to the fact that the second language users do not have all-encompassing knowledge of the rules which guide the use of the language. This research takes a run at finding out the effect of interference of indigenous language on proficiency in English (in both oral and written communications) among Yoruba People in Nigeria. This study focuses on the linguistic interference which usually occurs at the syntactic level of the indigenous language (Yoruba) and the Nigerian ‘lingua franca’ (English). The research adopts a descriptive survey method and error analysis approach for data analysis. The findings of this study show that the second language users of English bring the knowledge of the rules and features of their native languages into existence in the use of English in communication. This results in ungrammatical expressions in their everyday communication.

The case study is a chronicle of Korean elementary students’ efforts to gain autonomous control of a foreign language, English, from the top down, that is, through use of English in communication (as opposed to mere exposure to English through study or through the passive absorption of comprehensible input). This communicative use of English is realized through materials pertinent to their overall development and not just to their language development. The materials include a surrogate self or avatar within a virtual learning environment which can, in principle, though not in this study, connect them with children all over the world. The question for this study is how the use of an avatar in a virtual learning environment brings about not only the learning of vocabulary and grammar (similar to the piecemeal learning that happens in any classroom) but also interacts with and even activates the child’s overall psychological development the way that play awakens developmental functions on the playground.

This paper has discussed the status quo in oral English teaching at colleges in China, and proposed that multimedia assistance is the related solutions, and demonstrated the advantages as well as how to use multimedia assistance technology in oral English instruction.

Investigating the phatic use of English in communication

Landscape and culture are important for the sustainability of Bali tourism. The combination of landscape and culture forms a cultural landscape. For the environment, cultural landscape sustainability is very important because it contributes to biodiversity conservation. Bayung Gede Village is a Bali Aga village located in a mountainous area, with geographic conditions consisting of traditional settlements and plantation land. Bayung Gede Village has various uniqueness, but the utilization of its potential for tourism is not optimal. This research is an attempt to identify the potential cultural landscape in Bayung Gede Village. The research method used is qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through field observations, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis techniques. From the analysis, it is concluded that most of the Bayung Gede Village area is a cultural landscape. The unique cultural landscape in Bayung Gede Village is in the form of traditional residential areas, traditional house yards, and sacred spaces. The cultural landscape of Bayung Gede Village is a cultural landscape that is deliberately designed by humans, and an associative cultural landscape, which is a combination of nature and people's beliefs.

Запропоновано підступи до дискурсу про культурний ландшафт. Це питання розкрито на тлі європейської традиції. Наведено основні критерії, за якими окреслюється характеристика терміна. Розглянуто форму та зміст поняття «культурний ландшафт». Через розгляд еволюції входження терміна в науковий контекст виявлено специфіку його впровадження. Упроцесі аналізу цієї дефініції, що передбачає міждисциплінарний підхід та синтезовану систему мислення, проведено комплексне дослідження. Означено питання актуальності наукової дискусії в застосуванні цього терміна на українському ґрунті.

Being visible may be as important for minority languages as being heard. Traditional research on minority languages focuses on language maintenance and language shift, on language endangerment and revitalization, on language transmission in the family, on education, and on language policies in other social domains such as the media. Although literacy has become an important issue also for speakers of minority languages, much less attention has been given to the written displays of minority languages in the public space. In this volume, our aim is to explore the contribution of linguistic landscape research to the understanding of the dynamics of minority language situations, with an explicit focus on Europe. We wish to add a new perspective to the long history of studies of linguistic minorities, because we believe the aspect of the visibility of minority languages in public space has received too little attention in traditional minority language research. The linguistic landscape approach seems particularly appropriate for a number of reasons. First, it adopts an all-encompassing view on written language in the public space, paying attention to all signs, rather than limiting its scope to the study of predominantly one type of signs. Second, linguistic landscape research not only studies the signs, but it investigates as well who initiates, creates, places and reads them. Moreover, linguistic landscape research as presented in this volume looks at how the linguistic landscape is manipulated — consciously or unconsciously — in order to confirm or to resist existing or presumed language prestige patterns and hierarchies.KeywordsPublic SpaceLanguage PolicyMinority LanguageRegional LanguageLanguage PracticeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Anatolia had hosted many civilizations. It has important examples of cultural landscape diversity. Of them, the cities of Bartın, Amasra and Safranbolu were selected as research areas because of the character of their unique cultural landscapes, and because they are located on the cultural tourism itineraries in Turkey’s Western Black Sea Region. Today's rapid urbanization pits pressure on cultural landscapes. Perceptions of changes in the character of the urban cultural landscape in the selected cities were determined by administering a questionnaire to Bartın University’s Department of Landscape Architecture third year, fourth year and postgraduate students. The participants stated that the Bartın River was an important element of Bartın’s character, but that the Bartın River and its environment need to be re-planned for flood risk, and that the historical Bartın houses have a desolate view. The participants revealed that Amasra showed historical and archaeological antique dock characteristics and had visual variety due to its location on a peninsula. However, they said that new buildings in an urban protected area are not compatible with the traditional ones. Finally, their opinions about Safranbolu were presented by the participants as Safranbolu houses were important elements of Safranbolu’s character, that saffron was a characteristic plant of Safranbolu and that the current state of the traditional urban pattern gave the city a cultural distinctiveness and an aesthetic appearance. However, they stated that there was not enough open green space in the urban pattern. The perceptions and preferences of university students indicate that the planning and design work appropriate to the urban identity and character are important for the sustainability of urban cultural landscape heritage. In conclusion, the study offers important guidance for Bartın, Amasra and Safranbolu in terms of developing urban design strategies from structure to urban scale.

The influence of globalization on traditional settlements is an unavoidable phenomenon. Globalization is forming a new relationship between global and local that is dynamic. To maintain the continuity of traditional settlement identity, strengthening local cultural values has a strategic role. Traditional settlements in the Cetho Temple area are among the pockets of Hindu Javanese community settlements that still survive on Mount Lawu. This settlement has a unique cultural landscape. The East direction is sacred for the Javanese Hindu community in the Cetho Temple area. This research aims to identify Hindu Javanese community settlements’ architectural orientation and layout in forming cultural landscapes in the Cetho Temple area. The discussion of this study was supported by a qualitative dataset, which included interview data on local informants and community leaders. The data is then triangulated with observations in the study area. The study’s findings showed that settlements’ architectural orientation and layout in the Cetho Temple area influenced sacred orientation towards the East. First, the east direction becomes the consideration of the Hindu Javanese community in determining the direction of the house of residence. Second, the east direction considers the Hindu Javanese community in determining the direction of pawon(fireplace furnace). Third, the east direction is considered by the Hindu Javanese community in determining the orientation of the burial place. Fourth, the east direction is considered by the Hindu Javanese community in performing religious ceremonies and meditation. This result is helpful as a reference for planning and structuring the cultural landscape in the Cetho Temple area and can enrich the theory of structuring historical areas elsewhere.

What Chinese students learn about American culture and the English language in the classrooms of China does not adequately prepare them for the reality of American culture and communication in English. In this study, the constructs of American culture and models of English language taught in Chinese classrooms are compared with the reality of American culture and English communication, as experienced by eight undergraduate students from China. The students visited the United States for the first time to observe American culture and university classes in four cities with plans to return for graduate studies. In light of their experiences, findings revealed that Chinese students may often be unprepared for the challenges they will face associated with cultural dissimilarities and communicating in the English language.