Abstract
Precision oncology, defined as the use of the molecular understanding of cancer to implement personalized patient treatment, is currently at the heart of revolutionizing oncology practice. Due to the need for repeated molecular tumor analyses in facilitating precision oncology, liquid biopsies, which involve the detection of noninvasive cancer biomarkers in circulation, may be a critical key. Yet, existing liquid biopsy analysis technologies are still undergoing an evolution to address the challenges of analyzing trace quantities of circulating tumor biomarkers reliably and cost effectively. Consequently, the recent emergence of cutting‐edge plasmonic nanomaterials represents a paradigm shift in harnessing the unique merits of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing platforms for clinical liquid biopsy applications. Herein, an expansive review on the design/synthesis of a new generation of diverse plasmonic nanomaterials, and an updated evaluation of their demonstrated SERS‐based uses in liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor cells, tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles, as well as circulating cancer proteins, and tumor nucleic acids is presented. Existing challenges impeding the clinical translation of plasmonic nanomaterials for SERS‐based liquid biopsy applications are also identified, and outlooks and insights into advancing this rapidly growing field for practical patient use are provided.
Highlights
Precision oncology is an ongoing revolution in cancer management that involves the use of tumor molecular profiling to identify actionable cancer driver mutations in individual patients for tailored cancer in circulation, may be a critical key
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal enhancement ability of plasmonic nanomaterials mainly relies on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling effect which is strongly dependent on the size,[15] shape,[15,16] chemical composition,[17] local dielectric environment,[18] and interparticle interaction.[19]
To promote ultimate clinical applications of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a predictive and prognostic biomarker, we suggest that demonstrations of plasmonic nanomaterials for SERS-based CTC analyses should include i) more patient sample testing to fully evaluate usage feasibility in highly variable clinical samples from different patients, and ii) further evaluation of relevance between CTC analysis data and clinical outcomes to investigate assay clinical performance
Summary
Precision oncology is an ongoing revolution in cancer management that involves the use of tumor molecular profiling to identify actionable cancer driver mutations in individual patients for tailored cancer in circulation, may be a critical key. While this repertoire of analysis techniques has undoubtedly enabled great advancements for liquid biopsy applications, their performance in terms of detection sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and assay cost is still to be improved further for the potential of liquid biopsies in clinical cancer detection and treatment response prediction/monitoring. Jing’s thesis research focuses on the development of plasmonic nanomaterial– based sensing techniques for point-of-care diagnostics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology-based liquid biopsy analysis for precision nanomedicine. Matt Trau is currently the UQ-CSIRO Chair in Personalised Nanodiagnostics, a Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia He is senior group leader and co-founder of the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN). We identify existing challenges impeding the translation of engineered plasmonic nanomaterials for clinical SERS-based biosensing, and share our perspectives and insights on how to advance this rapidly evolving field
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