Engineering problems associated with ground conditions in the Middle East : Q J Engng Geol, V11, N1, 1978, 112P

Abstract

This report on the symposium proceedings attempts to highlight some of the main points discussed with respect to existing ground conditions in the Middle East. The first paper on solid geology describes its variable nature-- ranging the rigid crystalline basement of Arabia to the accumulations of evaporites in the lowlands and the different types of Holocene sediments in the Arabian Gulf. Solid geology is then discussed with respect to the Arabian Plains, the Gulf Islands, the Iranian Coast and Plateau, and the Zagros Mountains. The paper on earthquake predictions highlights what is known and what needs to be done in order to establish the earthquake recurrence for any area. This can then be used to define the seismic risk and assess the acceptable risk levels for the design of various types of engineering structures. The paper on ground problems in the Middle East concentrates only with the near surface geology. Four distinct desert zones are identified: mountainous areas; Peripheral Mountain areas; silts, sands, and five gravels; and, the low plains with high ground water levels. The next paper discussed the problems of highway and airfield pavement construction. It is noted that flexible rather than concrete pavements are more able to tolerate the climatic extremes. The main thesis of the following paper on problems encountered in canal and irrigation schemes is that the construction of engineering works in an arid zone produces changes in conditions below the round surface which may be detrimental to the construction, and that these conditions are not always apparent at the surface.