Engendering Nationalism and National Identity through Sports and Education in the Peruvian School System within the Context of Globalization

This volume assesses the formation of Croatian national identity in the 1990s. It develops a novel framework, calling into question both primordial and modernist approaches to nationalism and national identity, before applying that framework to Croatia. In doing so it provides a new way of thinking about how national identity is formed and why it is so important. An explanation is given of how Croatian national identity was formed in the abstract, via a historical narrative that traces centuries of yearning for a national state. The book shows how the government, opposition parties, dissident intellectuals and diaspora groups offered alternative accounts of this narrative in order to legitimize contemporary political programmes based on different versions of national identity. It then looks at how these debates were manifested in social activities as diverse as football, religion, economics and language. This volume attempts to make an important contribution to both the way we study nationalism and national identity, and our understanding of post-Yugoslav politics and society.

On 15 August 1947, the subcontinent of undivided India was partitioned into India and Pakistan (West and East Pakistan) using the two-nation theory. However, approximately 24 years after, Bangladesh was carved out of East Pakistan. The key purpose of this study is to revisit the geographies of nationalism and national identity in Bangladesh, which emerged at the cost of colossal sacrifice during its 1971 Liberation War against Pakistani forces when its people derived gargantuan inspiration from ‘creole nationalism’ stemming from their language and culture. There is a severe dearth of literature by geographers on nationalism in Bangladesh. Hence, this study deploys a collage of both rich and grey literature from interdisciplinary subjects, including geography. Following the independence of Bangladesh, Bengali nationalism and Bengali identity were enshrined in the Constitution. Nevertheless, both nationalism and national identity based on ‘creole nationalism’ were shifted within four years of the Liberation War and were transformed into Bangladeshi nationalism and Bangladeshi national identity. This new nationalism was a product of the renewed form of ‘two-nation theory’, separating Bangladeshis from other Bengalis, especially those living in the state of West Bengal, India. Besides, Bangladeshi nationalism emphasized ‘Muslim identity’ of Bengali Muslim instead of Bengali identity. Although the current Awami League government has reinstated Bengali nationalism into the Constitution, the false dichotomy between Bengali and Bangladeshi constructed by the ruling elites continues in current Bangladesh. Bengali language and culture are an integral part of independent Bangladesh. Simultaneously, Muslim identity and the identity of the indigenous population remains intrinsic in the current context of the country. This study argues that geographies of inclusiveness remain paramount in addressing nationalism and national identity in Bangladesh.

This book assesses the formation of Croatian national identity in the 1990s. It develops a novel framework, calling into question both primordial and modernist approaches to nationalism and national identity, before applying that framework to Croatia. In doing so, the book provides a new way of thinking about how national identity is formed and why it is so important. An explanation is given of how Croatian national identity was formed in the abstract, via a historical narrative that traces centuries of yearning for a national state. The book shows how the government, opposition parties, dissident intellectuals and diaspora groups offered alternative accounts of this narrative in order to legitimise contemporary political programmes based on different versions of national identity. It then looks at how these debates were manifested in social activities as diverse as football, religion, economics and language. This book attempts to make an important contribution to both the way we study nationalism and national identity, and our understanding of post-Yugoslav politics and society.

LGBT rights have come to be seen as allied with the idea of “Europe” and a European identity, particularly in the process of European Union enlargement to the East. Scholars have examined the ways in which external norms interact with more local, often “traditional” norms and identities. In this process, nationalism and conceptions of national identity and gender/sexuality norms can be seen as important factors that influence the domestic adoption of LGBT rights, particularly in the post-war Balkans. Croatia and Serbia (from approximately 2000 to 2014) present two interesting and different cases to analyze how discourses and dynamics of national and state identity construction, nationalism, and LGBT rights relate to discourses of “Europeanness” and European identity and how these affect the political dynamics of LGBT rights. This article finds that in Croatia, national identity was constructed in terms of convergence with European norms and identity, homonationalism was used to distinguish themselves from a “Balkan” identity, and there was a lower threat perception of the LGBT community framed primarily as a “threat to the family.” In Serbia, state and national identity was constructed in opposition to Europe and homosexuality had stronger threat perception, framed primarily as “threat to the nation.” In short, nationalism and national identity were less disadvantageous as a domestic constraint to LGBT rights in Croatia than in Serbia. The dynamics between nationalism and LGBT rights played out, for example, in the politics of the marriage referendum, Pride Parades, and public discourse more generally. This research contributes to the scholarship on LGBT rights and nationalism by empirically analyzing the different ways that nationalism, gender/sexuality, and European identity interrelate and influence LGBT rights change in a changing post-war identity landscape and how domestic constraints affect human rights norm diffusion.

<P> The issue of identity has recently gained cultural and political significance. The demise of communism in the Eastern Europe, the German reunion in Central Europe, and the Maastricht Treaty in Western Europe are said to have awakened nationalistic sentiments and movements, and processes of cultural, economic, and political internationalization and globalization are assumed to have caused not only increasing insecurity about national identity but also a loosening of the bond between collective and personal identity in Europe. The further unification of Europe is regarded by many Europeans as a threat to the survival of national cultures and identities. They fear that the disappearance of the internal borders between the European Union states may ultimately result in a loss of variety in national cultures and of distinct national identities. Further unification may cause problems of national identification and some observers have argued that it will therefore generate a reemphasis on regional and local cultures. </P><P>This article elaborates on the pivotal notions of nation, nationalism, and national identity, and related issues. From a social-psychological perspective, it describes how national identity relates to personal identity. Data from the European Values Study Eurobarometer surveys are used to demonstrate cross-national differences and similarities in national self-identification and changes over time. The findings reveal a widespread support for the European unification project, but large majorities in Europe do not (yet?) feel strongly attached to Europe. The European Union has yet to emerge as a contender for the loyalties of its citizens.</P>

As the Republic of Croatia enters its second decade as an independent state, with a new president and a new government for the first time, this book asks whether sentiments of Croatian national identity have changed and, if so, how and why. It proposes a multi-layered approach to studying contemporary Croatian national identity. To understand the formation of Croatian national identity in the 1990s, it is necessary to locate the discussion within wider concerns about the nature and origins of nationalism and national identity. National identity derives its power from being embedded in individual subjectivity. Thus, the narratives of national identity articulated by political and intellectual elites are manifested and constantly reinterpreted in social practice. The book insists that at the most abstract level Croatian national identity is constituted by the narrative of historical statehood. It also considers six areas of social practice in order to provide a series of snapshots showing the way that competing conceptions of national identity were embedded in areas as diverse as regionalism, religion, and sport.

In the last decade or two we have seen the remarkable rise of research interest in questions of 'national identity'. This preoccupation has shifted the ground so much that it is now difficult to think of a sociology of ethnicity without a key focus on nation, nationalism, and national identity. We could say it has taken us a long time to get here: as long ago as 1981 Anthony Smith was telling us that modern nations and their nationalist stories bring ethnic communities into existence as political entities:

Sports and national identity are extensively known to have a considerable relationship with each other. The link between Sports, nationalism and national identity is one of the most questionable cases in the modern world. Many scholars have discussed the usage of sports, as a tool for increasing national feelings, nation building, growth of the nation state or assisting cultural power. This essay is an effort of additional consideration on how they run on parallel routes and their impact on each other. According to Jeremy MacLean, sports can be used as an identity tool, giving people a feel of difference and a way to categorize themselves amongst other nation1. On the other hand, in the present time, it is claimed that the relationship between sports and national identity after the post war period has not been steady, especially in the early 1960s. For instance, there has been an increase in maintaining the culture and ethnic variety amongst the population of England, along with other growing nations, which have been influenced less by sports and have varied identities through their literature and music. Thus, it is clear that in the present time, the connection between sports and national individuality has decreased. However, during the late nineteenth century and until the mid-1990s, the two played a significant role among nations. The aim of this essay is to evaluate the most important aspects in the relationship between sports and national identity, which have been discussed by many sport historians and contemporary scholars. Moreover, it shows some considerable examples at each point, as well as scrutinize the usage of sports to serve national identity and how nations have succeeded to enhance their identity by utilizing sports. This work consists of four key points. First of all, the essay talks about the different rules and factors in the relationship between sports and national identity in different nations along with some examples. Secondly, it discusses how nations can use sports as a tool for nation building, also describing the higher level of identity felling of a nation, in the sport events, which causes violence and racist thinking. Finally, the importance of sports in the demonstration of culture, language, symbolism and national signs at the time of inauguration of sport occasions has been discussed. Further, the assessment of how national deterioration can further develop in various sport occasions and events has been done, along with the importance of mass media in the rising national felling in sport events.

The study aimed to investigate the levels of nationalism and national identity among pre-service teachers at San Pablo Colleges. Employing a descriptive-quantitative research design with a correlational component, the research explored the relationships between these constructs. The participant pool consisted of 60 pre-service teachers from the College of Education at San Pablo Colleges. To assess nationalism levels, the researchers adopted a questionnaire. Both questionnaires underwent rigorous face and content validity checks to ensure their appropriateness for the context. Data analysis involved calculating averages or means to ascertain the pre-service teachers’ levels of nationalism and understanding of national identity. Additionally, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was employed to explore potential correlations between the two constructs. The findings revealed that the pre-service teachers exhibited high levels of nationalism and a strong understanding of national identity. This suggests that they possess the capacity to effectively integrate concepts of nationalism and national identity into the teaching-learning process. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the levels of nationalism and national identity among pre-service teachers at San Pablo Colleges. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how pre-service teachers perceive and engage with these crucial concepts, paving the way for more informed and culturally sensitive educational practices.

What is it that is so interesting about national identity that it has intrigued us and dominated our research for some twenty years? Given what has already been published about nations, nationalism and national identity, why inflict yet another volume on readers? One reason is that a lot has been written about nationalism, a fair bit about ‘nations’, but far less about national identity. Consider this statement by the political philosopher Margaret Moore (2006: 98), in a hand-book on nations and nationalism: It would not be devastatingly dislocational, in a cultural sense, to leave Canada and live in the United States, or to leave Scotland to live in England, and would not involve the traditional costs involved in learning a new language or new symbolic repertoires. But it may be profoundly difficult for the Scot to think of herself as an Englishwoman, or the Canadian to think of himself as an American. It seems reasonable to accept Moore's premise that it would be fairly straightforward to adjust to the new way of life, but is it more debatable that it would be ‘profoundly difficult’ to acquire a new ‘identity’? One might of course believe that what people choose to call themselves is neither here nor there, that national identity does not really matter. We think that it does matter, and that Moore is right in her surmise. It may well be that in the two examples she gives the migrant's behaviour does not actually change very much, because so much of the new life and its meanings are familiar. How people identify themselves in national terms is another matter entirely. We know, for example, from interviews with Scots who migrate to England, and English-born people who come to live in Scotland, that their country of origin, where they were born and brought up, confers on them a powerful sense of who they are.

The study of nationalism in North America has focused heavily on national identity. Much of the scholarship in the region indicates that most individuals define their respective national identities as attainable and inclusive. In contrast to these findings, other evidence from nationalism and ethnic politics scholarship in North America suggests a strong racial link to national understandings. Focusing on national identity research in North America, primarily the United States, but also findings from Canada and Mexico, I try to address the connection between national identity, its political effects, and the boundaries of national identity content. This article identifies important findings from research in North America and proposes that scholars look beyond the current research to study national development – understood both historically and through the study of individuals’ constructive deployment of nationalism in everyday life.

(1994). Nationalism and national identity in the Baltic states. Journal of Area Studies: Vol. 2, Nation and National Identity after Communism, pp. 56-70.

Research Article| May 01 2003 Translating Ideas of Nationhood: A Case Study of Teaching Nationalism and National Identity in Middle Eastern History Magnus T. Bernhardsson; Magnus T. Bernhardsson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Sally Charnow Sally Charnow Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (2003) 2003 (86): 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-167 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Magnus T. Bernhardsson, Sally Charnow; Translating Ideas of Nationhood: A Case Study of Teaching Nationalism and National Identity in Middle Eastern History. Radical History Review 1 May 2003; 2003 (86): 167–174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-167 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsRadical History Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 2003 by MARHO: The Radical Historians' Organization,Inc.2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Teaching Radical History You do not currently have access to this content.

Nation‐building remains a key challenge in Vanuatu. From the origins of this new nation in 1980, it was clear that creating a unifying sense of national identity and political community from multiple languages and diverse traditional cultures would be difficult. This paper presents new survey and focus group data on attitudes to national identity among tertiary students in Vanuatu. The survey identifies areas of common attitudes towards nationalism and national identity, shared by both Anglophone and Francophone Ni‐Vanuatu. However, despite the weakening ties between language of education and political affiliation over recent years, the findings suggest that there remain some key areas of strong association between socio‐linguistic background, and attitudes to the nation, and national identity. These findings cast new light on the attitudes of likely future elites towards regional, ethnic, intergenerational and linguistic fault lines in Vanuatu and the challenges of building a cohesive sense of political community and national identity.

Mass Media, Consumerism and National Identity in Postwar Japan addresses Japan’s evolving nationalism and national identity in relation to its newly rising consumerism during the two decades from 1952 to 1972, through a study of the transformation of the print media and the market for weekly and monthly magazines. Martyn Smith argues that the transformation of the print media in the 1950s and 1960s expanded the possibilities for social, individual and national identities in Japan. From the late 1950s, the growth in the market for weekly magazines was fuelled by the huge potential for advertising revenue, the rapid development of the Japanese economy, and the necessity for the growth of a consumer society. This resulted in the merging of national identity with individual subjectivity – which this book describes as –national subjectivity’ – as the Japanese media promoted individual consumption to aid the recovery of the Japanese nation as a whole. Examining housewife magazines such as Fujin Koron, Fujin no Tomo and Fujin Gaho, as well as news magazines such as Mainichi Graph and Asahi Graph, and publications aimed at young people – Shukan Heibon and Heibon Punch – Smith shows how the relationship of nationalism to everyday life is best understood by taking into account the changing nature of consumption in the period. By presenting an alternative to the traditional –top-down’ narrative of state-driven economic nationalism, this book therefore makes a unique contribution to the study of postwar Japanese history and Japanese nationalism.