Energy­efficient technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract

The internet of things (IoT) has a significant economic and environmental impact owing to the billions or trillions of interconnected devices that use various types of sensors to communicate through the internet. It is well recognized that each sensor requires a small amount of energy to function; but, with billions of sensors, energy consumption can be significant. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on developing energy-efficient IoT technology and sustainable solutions. The contribution of this article is to support the implementation of eco-friendly IoT solutions by presenting a thorough examination of energy-efficient practices and strategies for IoT to assist in the advancement of sustainable and energy-efficient IoT technologies in the future. Four framework principles for achieving this are discussed, including (i) energy-efficient machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, (ii) energy-efficient and eco-sustainable wireless sensor networks (WSN), energy-efficient radio-frequency identification (RFID), and energy-efficient microcontroller units and integrated circuits (IC). This review aims to contribute to the next-generation implementation of eco-sustainable and energy-efficient IoT technologies. The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary technology driving telecommunications advancements and improving people’s quality of life worldwide. The IoT also has the potential to boost the global economy significantly. It is anticipated that the global economic impact of the IoT will be between USD 2.7 trillion and 6.2 trillion by 2025 due to IoT devices that are a critical component of emerging applications and play a central role in the widespread adoption of machine type communications. According to experts, the IoT has the potential to revolutionize different smart zones including modern healthcare applications, smart homes and smart cities