Energy use pattern and sensitivity analysis of rice production: A case study of Guilane province of Iran

An assessment of energy modeling and input costs for greenhouse button mushroom production in Iran

Energy use efficiency is one of the key indicators for developing more sustainable agricultural practices. For this purpose energy use in the production of alfalfa was studied in Kermanshah province, western Iran in summer 2010 by analysis of energy flow in this crop. Data was collected using questionnaires and face to face interviews with 63 farmers. Total inputs and outputs of alfalfa systems were calculated and converted to their energy equivalent. Results showed that total energy input and output in alfalfa agroecosystems were 49689.59 and 240072.7 MJ/ha, respectively. The highest share of input energy was recorded for diesel fuels (43.1%), electricity (24.36%) and N fertilizer (12.2%). The results also showed that energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy were 4.83, 3.68, 0.27 and 190383.11 MJ/ha respectively. Total mean energy input as renewable and nonrenewable forms were calculated to be 10.24 and 89.76% respectively. Economic analysis showed the total cost of production and net return for one hectare of alfalfa production were around 889.32 and2140.96 $ respectively. Accordingly, the benefit/cost ratio and productivity (dividing alfalfa yield by total production cost) were estimated 2.41 and 15.19 Kg/$. It was concluded that energy management at farm level could be improved to give more efficient and economic use of energy. Key words: Energy use efficiency, alfalfa, economical analysis, sustainable agriculture.

Energy use pattern and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs and input costs for pear production in Iran

Variation of energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions in vineyards located in Natura 2000 sites

Energy and economic analysis of different seed corn harvesting systems in Iran

This study was done to evaluate the energy balance between the inputs and output per unit area and to examine the effect of different farm sizes on total energy inputs and output of wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran. For this purpose data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. The total energy input and output are calculated as 31.5 and 44.6 GJ ha-1, respectively. The highest energy consumer was chemical fertilizer and followed by diesel fuel and seed energy with share of 64, 14 and 8%, respectively. Total green house gas emission was 756.11 kgCO2eq ha-1 where chemical fertilizer and diesel fuel had the highest contribution. The energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy values are 1.49, 9.82 kg MJ-1 and 13.1 GJ ha-1, respectively. The forms of direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energies of wheat production are calculated as 6.5, 25, 5.3 and 26.2 GJ ha-1 at 21, 79, 17 and 83% of the total energy input, respectively. The results of regression analysis which is applied to find the relationship between energy inputs and wheat yield indicate the significant effect of water for irrigation, seed, chemical fertilizer and machinery energy input on wheat yield. It is concluded that use of 10 MJ in forms of direct, indirect, renewable and nonrenewable energy, leads to 3.0, 0.4, 2.8 and 0.6 kg ha-1 growth in wheat yield, respectively. The results of farm size analysis show very large farms have better energy use efficiency due to better energy management.   Keywords: Energy balance, life cycle assessment, green house gases (GHG) emission, sensitivity analysis, farm size, wheat, Iran.

This research presents the outcome of energy use efficiency and economic analysis of irrigated rice farming system in Ampara district, during 2018/19 <em>Maha </em>season, which will be useful for the farmers and decision makers. Primary data were collected from 80 farmers covering all the major irrigation schemes of Ampara district by using a structured questionnaire. The data collected on farm input and output volumes, and usage hours were converted to energy values using standard coefficients reported in literature. Economic analysis was done based on the regional cost information collected through the same questionnaire. Labor, machinery, fuel, agrochemicals, seeds and irrigation water were recognized as farm inputs, while rice yield and straw were considered as outputs. Total energy input and total energy output of rice production were 29,689±209.9 MJ/ha and 154,681±3,425.5 MJ/ha, respectively. The highest energy input was accounted by nitrogen fertilizer (44.76%). The system energy efficiency was 5.3±0.13 with a water productivity of 0.8±0.02 kg/m³. The share of the non-renewable energy (67.29%) is higher than the renewable. The average value of total cost of production per hectare, gross return per hectare, benefit-cost ratio and productivity of rice production calculated to be Rs. 134,540.64, Rs. 212,316.36, 1.58 and 0.04 kg/Rs, respectively. The unit cost of production was Rs. 23.45 /kg. Although economic value of major inputs of materials (33.48%), labour (31.59%) and power (34.95%) equally contribute to the cost of production, the shares of these three major inputs in term of energy were 58.32%, 1.50% and 16.24%, respectively. The energy analysis is a convenient tool to quantify efficiency of different rice farming systems overcoming the issues arise from monetary escalations across time and regional boundaries in economic efficiency analysis.

Energy and economic assessment of prune production in Tehran province of Iran

This study aims to determine the energy use efficiency and economic efficiency in lavender honey production. Within the scope of the study, total energy input, total energy output, energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy efficiency, net energy, direct energy inputs, indirect energy inputs, renewable energy inputs, non-renewable energy inputs and economic analysis computations were made with respect to lavender honey production. With the subsequent economic analysis, the profit and cost conditions were revealed by determining the economic efficiency of the lavender honey production enterprise. In addition, recommendations are given to increase the efficiency and profitability of energy usage in lavender honey production. This study was conducted at the lavender honey producing trials during the 2022 production seasons in Isparta province of in Türkiye. According to energy use efficiency computations in lavender honey production, a total of 525.50 kg of honey was produced. As a result of the process, total energy input was computed as 12.506.29 MJ, total energy output as 6727.26 MJ, energy use efficiency as 0.54, specific energy as 23.80 MJ kg-1, energy productivity as 0.04 kg MJ-1 and net energy value as -5779.03 MJ kg-1. Energy inputs in lavender honey production consist of direct energy with 3118.23 MJ (24.93%), indirect energy with 9388.06 MJ (75.07%), renewable energy with 1099.10 MJ (8.79%) and non-renewable energy with 11.407.19 MJ (91.21%). The total cost incurred in the production of lavender honey was 30.628.77 TL, the amount of honey produced was 525.50 kg and the production cost of 1 kg of lavender honey was 58.28 TL. Profitability indicators of the lavender honey business on a business basis were examined. According to these indicators, gross production value was computed as 131.825 TL, variable costs as 10.839.25 TL, fixed costs as 19.789.52 TL, production costs as 30.628.77 TL, gross profit as 120.985.75 TL, net profit as 101.196.23 TL and relative profit as 4.30. It is important as it will contribute to the literature as it is the first comprehensive study in its field on the energy and economic balance of lavender honey.

This study aimed to study the energy use pattern of sugarcane crops, optimize the energy use pattern of an inefficient farmer, and study the opportunities for input energy saving in sugarcane cultivation. The input–output energy in sugarcane cultivation was audited by collecting data from 61 decision-making units (DMUs) using a face-to-face interview with sugarcane growers in Maharashtra state (India). Technical, pure technical, and scale efficiencies for farmers were calculated using the Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes and Banker–Charnes–Cooper models of the data envelopment analysis technique. The average total input (EI) and output (Eo) energy for sugarcane cultivation were 146.15 + 11.16 GJ ha−1 and 961.02 ± 83.73 GJ ha−1, respectively. The energy share of sugarcane and sugarcane trash in the total output energy was 843.18 ± 60.4 GJ ha−1 and 91.48 ± 6.5 GJ ha−1, respectively. The energy ratio (ER) and net energy gain of sugarcane cultivation were 6.57 ± 0.57 and 814.8 ± 69.9 GJ ha−1, respectively. The average technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency for sugarcane cultivation were 0.74 ± 0.03, 0.97 ± 0.006, and 0.76 ± 0.03, respectively, in the study region. The scope for energy saving in sugarcane cultivation was observed to be 19.82% as compared with the actual energy required. If the recommendation of energy saving is followed by inefficient DMUs, a total input energy of 28.98 GJ ha−1 can be saved, maintaining a constant output level of sugarcane yield.

Energy and economic analysis of rice production under different farm levels in Guilan province of Iran

Energy use patterns and econometric models of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran

Energy efficiency and econometric analysis of broiler production farms

Energy use and economic analysis of corn silage production under three cultivated area levels in Tehran province of Iran

Turkey is one of the countries that is the gene center and the homeland of walnuts. The purpose of the study was to determine the energy uses of walnut production in Turkey. In the study, the energy efficiency of walnut production, net energy, energy productivity, and specific energy were examined. In addition, the benefit-cost ratio, the use of direct and indirect energy, renewable and non-renewable energy were determined. Data was obtained from walnut producers in the Istanbul province of Turkey by using a survey. Surveys were performed with 48 walnut producers. Total energy input and total energy output of the surveyed orchards were calculated as 12,605 MJ ha−1 and 23,300 MJ ha−1 respectively. The energy use efficiency was calculated as 1.85 for the walnut production. While specific energy was calculated as 5.95 MJ kg−1 energy productivity was calculated 0.17 kg MJ−1 in the study. According to economic analysis, it was determined that the walnut producers had 4850 US$ ha−1 net return per year. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.51. As a result of the study, it was determined that the walnut production was preferable in the region.