Abstract
In recent two decades, the power systems have confronted with considerable changes such as the power system restructuring, growth of distributed energy sources and renewable energy sources (RESs), and emergence of smart grid concept. One of the common challenges caused by these changes is flexibility necessity of energy resources. One of the best solutions to mitigate this challenge is energy storage systems (ESSs) utilisation. The main question is how to determine size, site, and type of ESSs to maximise their benefits. This study reviews the answers to this question according to the research studies. This study first classifies the studies related to ESS expansion planning into two main categories from the viewpoint of the power system operators and the investors. Next, the first main category is divided into three subcategories: ESS expansion planning in microgrids, distribution networks, and transmission networks. The second main category is classified into two subcategories: ESS expansion planning aim to smooth RESs output power and to maximise profit. In each subcategory the modelling approaches, solving methods, and the results are evaluated. Finally, based on the existing challenges, the future research directions of ESS expansion planning are outlined.
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