Abstract
The determination of the electronic stopping power for low-energy ions is an experimentally demanding task. In this paper we elaborate on the different effects of nuclear stopping and multiple scattering on the energy spectra for different experimental geometries, i.e., transmission through thin foils and backscattering from thin films. By calculating distributions of path lengths and scattering angles we demonstrate how electronic stopping, nuclear stopping, and multiple scattering add up to the total energy loss. We show that at low energies it is important to properly disentangle these effects to extract electronic stopping from the measured energy loss spectra.
Highlights
When ions traverse matter they lose energy along their trajectory
To illustrate our evaluation procedure, transport of ions in matter (TRIM)-85 and TRIMT2D spectra are shown in Fig. 2 for 10 keV He transmitted through a 600 A Ag film
The simulations showed that nuclear losses and multiple scattering (MS) may contribute to both transmission experiment (TR) and backscattering experiment (BS) when the energy is very low and/or the target thickness is very large
Summary
When ions traverse matter they lose energy along their trajectory. This energy loss has its origin in the interaction of the projectile with the nuclei and electrons of the target. Losses depends on the scattering geometry and on experimental parameters In this investigation, we focus on experimental aspects of energy loss measurements at low velocities in a similar way as was done for proton stopping at the stopping maximum in Refs. We want to focus especially on the role of electronic and collisional losses in backscattering and transmission experiments to emphasize the challenges one meets in the determination of the electronic stopping power, Se. This paper is structured as follows: First, we discuss the principal mechanisms which contribute to the stopping power and their relevance for the different experimental techniques. We present simulations for the energy spectra obtained in transmission and backscattering experiments, where we disentangle the contribution of electronic and collisional losses to the total energy loss and discuss the relevance of multiple scattering in this context
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