Abstract
The energy loss and self-energy of electric dipoles in a free-electron gas are studied using the dielectric function formalism. Analytical expressions for low and high velocities and for different orientations of the dipole axis are obtained and compared with full numerical integrations using Lindhard's dielectric function. The contributions from plasmon and individual excitations are calculated separately. Similar calculations were performed for diclusters or ``extended dipoles'' and for individual protons, and the results are compared. Several features arising from short-range dipolelike interactions are analyzed. Numerical estimations indicate the possibility of carrying out energy loss measurements on the interaction of polar molecules with solids.
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