Abstract
Kazakhstan continues to use several times more energy per production unit than more developed countries and regions of the world. This study is the first comprehensive review and analysis of energy intensity factors of Kazakhstan's gross domestic product for the priod of 1990-2018. We have studied the influence of various factors on the GDP energy intensity: indicators characterizing the country's economic growth, power industry and living standards development. Calculations made have shown that the most significant influence on improving the energy efficiency of the economy is exerted by the indicators of Net Energy Imports and GDP per capita at PPP. The calculated elasticity coefficient shows that with an increase in the value of Net Energy Imports by 1%, the expected decrease in energy intensity shall be 0.85%. With an increase in GDP per capita of 1%, the expected decrease in energy intensity shall be 0.44%. However, in Kazakhstan, the influence of GDP per capita is mediated by the export of energy resources, which is confirmed by the high correlation between GDP growth, total energy production and export. We are concluding that for the developing economy of Kazakhstan exporting energy resources, the conversion of primary energy into products with high added value is more rational for economic development and energy conservation.Keywords: Energy Resources, Energy Intensity, Energy and Growth, Energy Policy, KazakhstanJEL Classifications: O13, Q43, Q48DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9817
Highlights
The economies of the CIS countries are considered very energy intensive
We have obtained the following main results: 1. When constructing the economic and mathematical model of the influence of various factors on the gross domestic product (GDP) energy intensity, we have considered a number of indicators reflecting the influence of economic growth factors characterizing the development of the power sector and determining the country’s living standard
Following the selection and elimination of multicollinear dependence, we have included two indicators in the developed model – Net Energy Imports and GDP per capita. These have a strong influence on the GDP energy intensity 2
Summary
The economies of the CIS countries are considered very energy intensive. It is noteworthy that common reasons for all these countries that influenced their current situation for a possible comparison can not include their traditionally considered geographical location, size of the occupied territories, climatic features and other fairly obvious characteristics In this regard, we can assume that GDP energy intensity in each country is formed under the influence of various factors that determine the features of their functioning at a certain stage of their development. In any case, their influence manifests either through a change in the level of energy consumption in each country, or through a change in the volume of their gross product All of this fully applies to the functioning conditions of each country, including Kazakhstan. We study the influence of various factors on the GDP energy intensity: indicators characterizing the country’s economic growth, development of power industry and the state of employment and living standards of the population
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