Abstract
Low energy efficiency of foundry class electric arc steelmaking furnaces (EAF) mainly is caused by heat loss by massive lining during forced downtime. A low-power transformer doesn’t allow, in the conditions of classical technology, practice of traditional water-cooled elements in order to replace partially the lining, what determines increased refractory consumption. The aim is energy and refractory savings. On the basis of numerical modeling of heat exchange by radiation in the EAF working space, taking into account capacity, bath shape factor, duration of technological period of heat, a multiple regression equation for power of heat loss with cooling water was obtained. Three-row water-cooled wall panels with a spatial structure are elaborated, which provide a decrease in heat loss by 14 %, in comparison with two-row ones. Estimates of optimal relative cooled surface of the EAF working space, providing refractory savings up to 25-30%, are substantiated.
Highlights
Possibility of a wide choice of original charge and variation of oxidation potential in melting process makes the electric arc furnace (EAF) a general-purpose unit in foundry shops of engineering industry Energy-intensive classical technology with at usually low specific power of the transformer, irregular operation with forced downtime predetermine a much lower, in comparison with “large” metallurgy, energy efficiency of foundry class furnaces [1, 2]
Application of traditional for EAF of "large" metallurgy water-cooled elements (WCE) with one row tubes dense structure [3] substantially limited by reason of technological risks, causes high energy losses, which heightens refractory materials consumption
Taking into account the world [8] and domestic [4] experience in the area of energy-saving WCE, a three-row panel (Fig. 2) with a spatial structure has been developed for foundry class EAF
Summary
Possibility of a wide choice of original charge and variation of oxidation potential in melting process makes the electric arc furnace (EAF) a general-purpose unit in foundry shops of engineering industry Energy-intensive classical technology with at usually low specific power of the transformer, irregular operation with forced downtime predetermine a much lower, in comparison with “large” metallurgy, energy efficiency of foundry class furnaces [1, 2]. Known mathematical models of heat and mass transfer in the EAF workspace [5, 6] don’t pay sufficient attention to the thermal state and energy loss in WCE in relation to foundry class furnaces. The development of WCE with reduced heat loss and grounding on the base of mathematical model an optimal relative cooled surface of workspace, taking into account the peculiarities in foundry class EAF, are urgent. Main research material A mathematical model of heat exchange by radiation, adapted to the EAF conditions [7], was used. It deals with primary sources of radiation: surfaces of bath, arcs and electrodes. Temperature of the bath surface, arc and WCE is taken 1820, 3550 and 1100 K, respectively
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