10 - Energy efficiency in tourism sector: eco-innovation measures and energy

Organizational innovations of the integrated management system for hospitality and tourism companies is now an essential factor in the economic competitiveness of firms. The study of innovations in the service sector is still in its infancy, as the first studies did not appear until the late 1990s, and it is difficult to find a reliable theoretical basis for studying innovations in this sector. It becomes even harder to find when applied to firms working in the hospitality and tourism sectors. Tourism is currently one of the most promising industries in the world, and there is an urgent need for a better understanding of innovation in this sector. This study addresses a common question: how to explain innovations in the tourism sector. In seeking an answer to this question, the work has two objectives: 1) to discuss what innovation in services is, taking into account a study of innovation in hospitality and travel firms, along with a literature review; 2) to develop a case study for an international group on hospitality. The results support the hypotheses that the implementation of an Integrated Hotel Management System is an important innovation in the sense that it mainly promotes organizational innovation, while firms use sustainable development policies as strategies of innovation and differentiation from competition. At this time, tourism firms are to be managed in three ways: economic, social and environmental. The advantages defined by the hotel are: optimization of work processes, with an impact on productivity, sustainable development of the company, strengthening of its corporate image, creation of an organized structure, reduction of environmental impact and risks inherent in the activity, and increase in customer satisfaction. Finally, we present a number of conclusions that allow a better understanding of innovation in tourism and are aimed at expanding the theoretical debate as well as knowledge on this topic.

Current research in organizational innovation is extensive, yet, because of limitations in scope, most studies are not adequately encompassing. These studies typically relate organizational variables to innovation and control at most for the effect of one contingency factor. Because innovation depends upon a complex host of factors, such theories have limited predictive application. This study intends to develop and test theories that explain the variation in the organizational complexity-innovation relationship in greater detail. The study considers two major indicators of organizational complexity—structural complexity and organizational size. Hypotheses are proposed on the effects of 14 contingency factors on the relationships between structural complexity and innovation and organizational size and innovation. The contingency factors include environmental uncertainty, organizational size, industrial sectors, types of innovation, and stages of innovation adoption. Using a meta-analytic procedure for multivariate analysis, the hypotheses are then tested with data from published studies in organizational innovation during the last three decades. The effects of four methods variables—operational definitions of innovation, structural complexity and size, and similarity of data sources—are controlled for in testing the hypotheses. This process results in two powerful and encompassing models: (1) the association between structural complexity and innovation depends upon operational definition of complexity, environmental uncertainty, use of manufacturing organizations, use of service organizations, focus on technical innovations, focus on product innovations, and focus on implementation of innovation; and (2) the association between organizational size and innovation depends upon operational definition of size, environmental uncertainty, use of service organizations, use of for-profit organizations, focus on technical innovations, and focus on product innovations. These models suggest avenues for further theory development and research, which we discuss.

This study aims to determine the analysis of agglomeration and economic growth in regional income inequality in Padang Pariaman in 2015-2019 in the agriculture, industry and tourism sectors. This type of research is quantitative descriptive and data collection techniques with secondary data analysis. The results showed that inequality in agriculture, industry and tourism always increased. This can be seen in the tourism sector with an amount of -0.95 or -0.0095% in 2019 and 2015 with an amount of -0.69 or -0.0069%. In the agricultural sector with a total of -0.93 or -0.0093% and while the industrial sector with an amount of -0.90 or -0.009% from year 2015-2019. The results of economic growth in the agriculture, industry and tourism sectors experienced high growth. The highest amount in 2015, which was 5.73 or 0.005% and in 2019 decrease by an amount of -90,89 or -0,908%. The results of agglomeration in the agriculture, industry and tourism sectors, namely in the tourism sector in 2015 amounting to 0.31 or 0.003%, in 2019 decreased by an amount of 0.05 or 0.005%. In the agricultural sector has an amount of 0.07 or 0.007% and the industrial sector has an amount of 0.10 or 0.01% in 2015-2019.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand complementarities-in-performance of three forms of innovations: product innovation, process innovation and organizational innovation. Additionally, complementarities-in-use for product innovation are examined, considering an additional condition: manufacturing flexibility.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 223 unlisted Portuguese industrial firms, and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, different combinations of different forms of innovations were examined to identify complementarities-in-performance and complementarities-in-use.FindingsThrough the configurational analysis, a path to achieve high performance was uncovered, which includes the presence of both product and organizational innovations. The study also reveals that the joint absence of two conditions (from the three that were considered in the analysis) can lead to low performance. This result indicates that the relationships among the antecedent conditions are non-linear. The configurational analysis also shows that the combination of manufacturing flexibility with either process innovation or organizational innovation can lead to high product innovation. This result confirms that manufacturing flexibility is an important condition for product innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical evidence reported in this paper may be influenced by the definitions that were considered. Further conceptual and empirical research is encouraged to corroborate (or refute) or consolidate the findings presented herein. Moreover, although the obtained results present a high empirical coverage, other antecedent conditions beyond the scope of this study can also play an important role; for instance, marketing could influence innovation performance. Furthermore, radical innovation was not distinguished from incremental innovation when analyzing firm performance.Practical implicationsThis study provides some clues for policy makers who aim to enhance firm performance through innovation. Managers should focus on both organizational and technological innovations, in particular product innovation, to improve firm performance. Moreover, they should be aware of the complementarities-in-use for product innovation. Considering the importance of developing product innovation to enhance performance, firms should promote high levels of product innovation. To achieve this outcome, manufacturing flexibility should be present.Originality/valueFocusing on a very complex and still under-researched topic, this study contributes to the complementarities literature in several ways. This study employs a configurational approach to better understand complementarities and to integrate technological and organizational innovations. By taking this approach, this study acknowledges the existence of non-linearity and identifies not only the strategies to achieve high performance, but also the configurations that lead to low performance.

Tourism businesses which want to maintain their sustainability in the market they are in the face of the increasing demand in the face of the technology that social life adapts rapidly, especially use internet-based technologies to reach their potential customers faster and to keep their existing customers. Apart from internet based applications, it is believed that the tourism companies' applications that they have made based on technology have an important place in making them a leader in the market they are in. The aim of working from this point of view is;It is to reveal which technology uses its applications in the tourism sector enterprises and what changes it causes in the tourism sector, and which new strategies, practices and methods allow development. Tourism sector has been evaluated technologically from past to present. Qualitative research method was taken as a basis in the study, a conceptual framework was created by analyzing the sources and documents related to the subject and the tourism sector was evaluated technologically from past to present.Considering the findings of the study, it can be mentioned that the technology-based movements in the tourism sector increased with digitalization. In addition, it has been concluded that technological applications, which have made progress in the tourism sector over time, have a decreasing effect on the promotion costs of tourism companies while promoting over social media, while also showing an increase in customer potential. When the general findings based on the literature are evaluated, it is observed that the tourism sector, which has made progress in an integrated manner with the industrial revolution, uses technology more in a way that facilitates the life of the personnel and tourists.

Purpose: This paper makes a literature review in order to analyze the current state of innovation in tourism companies and know the future research lines on the subject.Design/methodology: The study chose a content analysis, which purpose was to examine the scientific journal articles about tourism, business management and economic-administrative studies, considering ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, EBSCOHost and REDALYC databases. The procedure involves filtering papers based on criteria of relevance as addressing the issue and current facts (texts inscribed in the period 2008-2015). As a result 78 publications based on bibliographic content matrices were analyzed and classified according to their thematic profile. Moreover, a search for bases outside the above data was done, in order to know the situation of tourism companies in the Mexican context.Findings: The review shows that papers are concentrated in six broad categories: a) organizational innovation, b) innovation strategies, c) innovation in products and processes, d) technological innovation, e) knowledge management in innovation and f) innovation models. Most studies are given in the context of hotels and restaurants; showing that innovation in tourism companies is an emerging theme study that will strengthen the development and competitiveness of the sector itself.Originality/value: It represents an innovative contribution by providing information on how it has been addressed the issue of innovation in the context of tourism companies -restaurants and hotels-, besides provides an overview of research conducted in Mexico on the topic, being of interest to the companies and academic community.

This paper presents the results of an empirical study, conducted during the months of February to March 2021, with the objective of analyzing innovative activity in product, process and organizational innovation and its impact on the performance of MSMEs. An online survey was conducted with the participation of 430 companies stratified according to sector (Industry, Construction, Commerce and Services) and size (micro, small and medium enterprises). The model used was multiple linear regression, whose response variable was company performance and the explanatory variables were product, process and organizational innovations. The results showed that process and organizational innovations were statistically significant, while product innovations were not significant. The coefficients were positive, implying that the higher the degree of process and organizational innovation, the higher the company's performance is expected to be. These innovations included changes in production processes, acquisition of new equipment, improvements in management, new procurement and purchasing processes, and changes in sales and commercial management. All these innovations were made during the pandemic period.

We propose a model where both R&D and ICT investment feed into a system of three innovation output equations (product, process and organizational innovation), which ultimately feeds into a productivity equation. We find that ICT investment and usage are important drivers of innovation in both manufacturing and services. Doing more R&D has a positive effect on product innovation in manufacturing. The strongest productivity effects are derived from organizational innovation. We find positive effects of product and process innovation when combined with an organizational innovation. There is evidence that organizational innovation is complementary to process innovation.

PURPOSE: The aim of the paper is to analyse the importance of both internal capabilities (resources) and external information sources in implementing product, process, marketing and organizational innovations aiming to maximize firm competitive advantage and create value for stakeholders. Furthermore, in particular, we examine the role of public organizations, business networks, firm size, and the industry sector, in the emergence of different types of product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations. The research was based on the typology of innovation (product, process, marketing, and organizational) adopted by the OECD. METHODOLOGY: The paper is based on data from 389 SMEs located in Finland and describes the development of a model for testing the factors that increase the innovativeness of SMEs. The logistic regression model is used as a methodology. Findings: The results show that the creation of novel products, processes and marketing innovation is connected to various external sources of information, such as fairs, the media and the internet. Moreover, the relationship between internal capabilities such as the firm’s know-how increases the marketing and organizational innovativeness of SMEs. Our results demonstrated that the creation of product innovation is positively connected to manufacturing. Furthermore, we find that the creation of novel processes and organizational innovation is related to firm size, such that firms with fewer than 20 employees (smallest firms) were concentrated among non-innovators and companies with more than 20 employees were concentrated among innovators. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The contribution of our study is to analyse to what extent various types of innovation rely on specific information sources. This study also provides suggestions for practice and policymakers. Contrary to expectations regarding our findings, public support organizations were not statistically significant in any innovation model. Therefore, public support organizations should develop better mechanisms to find SMEs with strong motivations to develop new products and market opportunities. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This paper provides a new and topical viewpoint for the literature by examining the possible factors explaining the increase in SMEs’ likelihood of implementing product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations. Our study provides comprehensive information on how different stakeholders contribute to the emergence of SME innovation.

Innovation plays a vital role in increasing a company’s performance, market profits, and sales growth. The types of innovation within a company also vary; there are at least four known types of innovation – marketing innovation, product or service innovation, process innovation, and organizational innovation. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of innovation in a company’s growth. The samples used were 127 customers of a company. Primary data were collected using a Likert scale and secondary data through interviews. The technique used for data analysis was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is operated using the AMOS application program. The hypotheses of this research were: H1: Marketing innovation influences innovation performance; H2: Product or service innovation influences innovation performance; H3: Process innovation influences innovation performance; H4: Organizational innovation influences innovation performance; and H5: Performance innovation has an influence on marketing performance. The results of this study indicated that marketing innovation, product innovation, organizational innovation, and innovation performance have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. Keywords: marketing innovation, product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, innovation performance, marketing performance

This study aims to analyze the impact of the performance of the agricultural sector, industrial sector, and tourism sector in Gorontalo Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression analysis method using panel data. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Gorontalo Province for the period 2020–2024. Based on GRDP data, these three sectors show a positive growth trend that supports regional economic recovery and development. The data was processed using Eviews 12. The results of the study show that partially, the performance of the agricultural, industrial, and tourism sectors has a negative effect on the open unemployment rate, which means that an increase in the performance of these three sectors can reduce the unemployment rate in Gorontalo Province. Simultaneously, these three sectors also have a significant effect on the open unemployment rate. The results of this study indicate that 1). The agricultural sector has a negative and significant effect and contributes to the open unemployment rate in Gorontalo Province, meaning that the greater the contribution of the agricultural sector, the more job opportunities are created and the more local labor can be absorbed. 2). The industrial sector has a negative and significant effect and contributes to the open unemployment rate in Gorontalo Province, meaning that the more the industrial sector develops, the more job opportunities are created that can absorb labor, both through increased production capacity and the opening of new jobs in various business fields. 3). The tourism sector has a negative and insignificant effect on the open unemployment rate in Gorontalo Province, meaning that although improvements in the performance of the tourism sector have the potential to create job opportunities, its contribution to labor absorption is still relatively small compared to the agricultural and industrial sectors, so its impact has not been significant in reducing the open unemployment rate. 4). Simultaneously, the agricultural, industrial, and tourism sectors have a significant impact on the open unemployment rate in Gorontalo Province, meaning that if these three sectors are managed and developed optimally, they can complement each other in creating new jobs, increasing regional productivity, and reducing the open unemployment rate.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to test the effect of organizational innovation on product and process innovation (while controlling for endogeneity). Our hypothesis was that organizational innovation should have a significant and positive impact on technical (product or process) innovation. We control for endogeneity by using a Poisson estimator that accommodates a binary endogenous regressor. We test 10 potential instruments using a battery of test criteria and settle on five. All results are presented using the five instruments to avoid expectation bias. In general we find that organizational innovation does impact technical innovation positively. With the 2009 data we find that the mean of the average treatment effect for product innovation is roughly 1.7 times that of process innovation. For the 2009–2012 data we find that the impact on product innovation is roughly 1.5 times that of process innovation. For the 2012 data, we had anomalous results for process innovation, such that organizational innovation reduced the number of process innovations by 2.3 per year. In terms of Canadian government policy, the results lend support to the view that technical innovation is not the only innovation that matters. The right policy mix may encourage firms to experiment with and adopt more organizational innovations to enhance technical innovation.

This research discusses how product and organizational innovation influence business performance. The population of this research is West Java culinary MSMEs, one of which is Garut Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The sample used in this research was 100 Culinary MSME entrepreneurs in Garut Regency, using a purposive sampling technique and the Smart PLS version 4.0 supporting tool by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. This research examines the influence of product and organizational innovation on business performance. This research aims to determine the influence of independent variables that can influence business performance apart from research that has been conducted previously. The analysis used in this research is the outer model test, inner model test, and hypothesis test, which was carried out using the total effect. The results of this research state that product innovation influences 48.6%. The organizational innovation variable has an influence of 27.8% on business performance. This third variable shows that variables can control each other with sufficient or moderate value. The aim is to test the influence of product and organizational innovation on business performance.

Energy Benefits of Electronic Controls at Small and Medium Sized U.S. Manufacturers

The tourism sector is developing at an increasing pace. Having financial opportunities, the development of personal needs and the manifestation of free time, people more choose to travel in different countries of the world and all this is associated with information opportunities. It is noted that large-scale work on tourism development has been carried out in Azerbaijan recently. Karabakh was under Armenian occupation until November 10, 2020, because of this it was excluded from these processes. Armenia, which occupies 20% of Azerbaijani lands, as in all spheres of the economy, has caused serious damage to the tourism sector.Large hotel chains have been formed in the field of accommodation and catering in the tourism sector, operators regularly stand out among tourist companies that organize control over tourist markets, and the air transport market is expanding. The article notes that the presence of hotel companies in various countries, which play a key role in the development of the tourism industry, accelerates their worldwide recognition. Factors influencing the development of tourism play a crucial role in determining the state of development of the country's tourism business.The world labor and employment markets and their structure have a certain impact on the development of tourism or vice versa. It is estimated that there are about 325 million people in the world employed in permanent or temporary jobs in tourism and related industries. As a result of the study, it was found that the employment of the population in different countries with the multiplier effect of tourism is several times higher than with direct employment. Even in countries with multiplicative efficiency of this sphere, the employment rate of the population is 4.5-11.8% higher than with direct employment and this directly affects the creation of a large number of jobs in the tourism sector and related industries, which is due to the contribution of the tourism sector to the country's GDP, the number of tourist arrivals and the growth of tourism revenues.