Energy Consumption Effects of WiFi Off-Loading Access in 3G or LTE Public Wireless Networks

Abstract

As 3G, HSPDA and already now LTE wireless networks become ever more pervasive, especially for wireless high data rate and Internet traffic (>100 Mbps), increasing focus is given on ways to offload access by re-utilizing WiFi access points available in-doors (offices, homes), or installing such access points outdoors in/alongside high demand density public areas (hot spots, public areas, road traffic lanes, etc..). In view of the relative much higher WiFi access node power consumption and much smaller coverage compatible with interference reduction, the WiFi off-loading access may have a significant negative impact on energy consumption and emissions per user. The paper builds on earlier extensive work on the modeling of 3G or LTE wireless infrastructure energy consumption on an incremental basis per new user. It addresses the questions of the best mix between LTE cellular base stations and WiFi off-load access nodes from the energy/emissions perspective. Detailed sub-system model and design improvements are carried out on a continuous basis in collaboration with industry.