Abstract
Endoscopes have been used for transsphenoidal surgery for more than 15 years and have became very popular. Because of the confined area and the potential risks of this surgery, special training to handle the endoscope is mandatory. The question arose whether the introduction of endoscopic surgery should be stepwise. We followed a stepwise procedure from microsurgery to endoscopic-assisted microsurgery (series 1) and from endoscopic-assisted to purely endoscopic surgery (series 2) to overcome these problems.
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