Abstract
A long-standing paradigm in tissue engineering is to induce tissue repair by the transplantation of cells alone or cells combined with biomaterial scaffolds. The cost, time, and variability involved in ex vivo expansion or manipulation of cells to prepare them for transplantation is a significant drawback of such an approach. A possible way forward is to harness the latent regenerative potential of the host tissue by mobilizing, recruiting, and stimulating cell populations in situ via signaling cues incorporated within the biomaterial itself (in-situ regeneration). Advances made in the rational design of functional biomaterials and a better understanding of healing cascades have enabled the application of endogenous tissue engineering strategies. Using the musculoskeletal system as an example, this article highlights how knowledge gained from characterization of native tissue regeneration of ECM structures has been leveraged for the design of smart biomaterial scaffolds to facilitate endogenous tissue repair and regeneration.
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