Abstract
The study was conducted to understand the perceptions and local adaptation strategies of rural sahelian communities in Burkina Faso to climate change on ruminant rearing practices. For this purpose, the study was carried out in the rural commune of Bani by collecting primary from semi-structured interviews with 143 producers and secondary data of temperature, rainfall and their spatial and temporal evolution from 2005 to 2016. Analysis of these data reveals that 67.13% of the producers are male and 32.86% female, with an average age of 55 ± 0.3 years. These respondents were agropastoralists with an average of 3.5 ha of cultivated land, using traditional seeds (100% of respondents) and improved seeds (58.7%) and rearing local breeds of ruminants. For climate change, respondents notified an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall that corroborates the analysis of the meteorological data collected. The consequences of climate change on livestock farmers' resources are food insecurity, lack of pasture, drought and low animal productivity. The local adaptation strategies applied by livestock farmers are the diversification of agro-sylvo-pastoral production (88.11%) and income-generating activities (70%). In the study area, diversification is the strategy adopted by agro-pastoralists to ensure food security and provide income to meet the daily needs of families.
Highlights
IntroductionBurkina Faso is an agro-pastoral country where livestock farming plays an essential role in the national economy, contributing more than 18% to GDP, 26% to export earnings and 12% to value added formation (MRA 2014)
It is one of the main sources of income for rural populations, for which it makes a significant contribution to food security, it is mainly practiced extensively and based essentially on the exploitation of natural pastures (Kagoné, 2004; MRA, 2006)
The study reveals that respondents perceive climate change through rainfall and temperature variation
Summary
Burkina Faso is an agro-pastoral country where livestock farming plays an essential role in the national economy, contributing more than 18% to GDP, 26% to export earnings and 12% to value added formation (MRA 2014). It is one of the main sources of income for rural populations, for which it makes a significant contribution to food security, it is mainly practiced extensively and based essentially on the exploitation of natural pastures (Kagoné, 2004; MRA, 2006). The national livestock population is large and estimated at more than 9.091 million cattle, 23.169 million small ruminants, 42.220 million poultry and 2.346 million pigs (MRA 2014) This Burkinabe livestock population is facing many changes in the climate environment that are at the root of their low adaptive capacity, as are Sahelian African pastoralists. Little work has been done on the knowledge of the populations directly concerned by the subject, given that the data from scientific analyses on the evolution of the environment and the understanding of local populations sometimes diverge (Fairhead and Leach, 1996)
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