Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of Water Demand Management (WDM) strategy to the improvement of water supply and sanitation in Nigeria. Persistent water supply shortages and poor sanitation have since remained important features of the Nigerian urban and rural communities. Most often governmental solution to these problems has been to develop and exploit the available water resources and the level of sanitation for the people. This predominant approach which is also known as augmentation method is supply driven with the primary purpose being how best to meet the perceived water and sanitation demand. One of the major disadvantages of this approach is the huge financial involvement associated with it. Conversely, quite recently water resource managers have begun to direct attention on how consumers can be motivated to regulate the amount and manner in which they use and dispose water to alleviate pressure on freshwater supplies. This new approach is known as water demand management. It is demand driven in that consumers determine their own water need. Employment of WDM by consumers especially in water scarce areas as was discussed in the paper will decrease the amount of water use, thereby limiting unnecessary financial expenditure in exploiting new sources to meet the ever increasing demand.
Highlights
Nigeria, like most developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa is facing serious water crises
In Nigeria, apart from agricultural water requirements, residential water needs ranks highest in water demand among the sectors
Data which were collected are on cases of water borne diseases in the 36 States of Nigeria and 6 geopolitical zones on the type of toilet mostly used by residents, main source of water supply, quality of water supply, etc. simple graphs such as bar and line charts were utilized in the analysis of data with the purpose of establishing patterns and relationships of identifying water related problems
Summary
Like most developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa is facing serious water crises. The primary reason for the water scarcity being experienced in Nigeria could be traced to growing disparity between the decreasing effective supply and increasing demand for water [2] [3]. The causes of this obvious imbalance between urban demand and water supply manifests in the continuous inability of supply quantities to meet demand. We shall as a result, focus attention on the residential water demand and sanitation This is on the understanding that water consumers in this sector are most vulnerable to the negative impacts of water scarcity and poor sanitation. The residential water consumers produce wastewater in course of their water using activities from such areas as household bathrooms, toilets wash hand basins and kitchen sinks which are often not properly disposed and as a result create aesthetic nuisance and breeding ground for mosquitoes and other pests
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