Abstract
The rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a significant incentive to contribute to vulnerable applications such as cognitive radio (CR). This paper proposes a Stackelberg game approach to enhance the WSN-based CR security against the spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack and conserve the consequently lost power consumption. The attack aims to corrupt the spectrum decision by imposing interference power to the delivered reports from the sensor nodes (SNs) to the fusion center (FC) to make a protection level below a specific threshold. The proposed model utilizes the intelligent Stackelberg game features along with the matched filter (MF) to maximize the number of protected reports sent by the SNs to the FC leading to an accurate decision of the spectrum status. Furthermore, the TDMA protocol is utilized to resolve the complexity of employing MF for the spectrum detection to avoid the collision between the delivered reports. The proposed model aims to enhance the number of correctly received reports at the FC, and hence manage the lost energy of reports retransmission due to the malicious attack effect. Moreover, the model can conserve the lost power of the failed communication attempts due to the SSDF attack impact. Simulation results indicate the improved performance of the proposed protection model along with the MF over six different environments against the SSDF attack as compared to two defense schemes, namely, random and equal weight defense strategies.
Highlights
With the dramatic lack of spectrum resources, the intelligent communication methodologies have flourished such as cognitive radio (CR) to resolve this issue
The results indicate the benevolent reports after the first round; the reports confronted the attack till the end of the simulation, and the ones that turned malicious due to the attack effect, which are colored by blue bars, green bars, and red bars, respectively
In this paper, we have presented an effective attack-defense strategy based on the Stackelberg game along with matched filter (MF) to alleviate the problem of corrupted sensor nodes (SNs) reports delivered at fusion center (FC) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)-based CR over different six communication environments in which the data transmission is organized by TDMA technique
Summary
With the dramatic lack of spectrum resources, the intelligent communication methodologies have flourished such as cognitive radio (CR) to resolve this issue. The spectrum quality-of-service (QoS) management, energy conservation for which the packet size optimization was one of the key roles, and security mitigation rise among most of the exerted efforts. Various CR paradigms were studied focusing on the spectrum utilization depending on the statistical QoS to support the real-time applications at the secondary users (SUs) [1]–[6]. The SUs are used to support the primary feedback information to set up a primary user (PU)-aware routing technique exploiting the compressive sensing to gain the sparse nature of the PUs occupation [7], [8]. The packet size optimization has introduced a valuable solution for prolonging network lifetime [9]. CR opens a wide technological gate for many competitive networks to cooperate with for enhancing the day-to-day challenges such as security front and power consumption management
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