Empirical analysis of enterprise competitiveness in Vietnam: Key determinants and their interactions

Of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains circulating globally, serotype Asia1 has been effectively eradicated in China through systematic vaccination in livestock. The structural characteristics of serotype Asia1 may enhance its immunogenicity compared to other serotypes. Herein, we present a preliminary exploration of Asia1-binding B-cell receptor repertoire, containing 3571 clones, and identified 17 porcine-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (pnAbs) from the top 33 high-frequency clonotypes. The majority of pnAbs (14/17) recognized the epitopes on VP2, with a common determinant at residue 72 (D) on the B-C loop; two pnAbs (2/17) recognized a novel epitope spanning VP2 and VP3; and the remaining one (1/17) bound to the C-terminus of VP1. Furthermore, the antigenic structures on VP2 and spanning VP2 and VP3 were respectively elucidated by determining the cryo-EM structures of FMDV serotype Asia1 in complexes with two pnAbs, PAS5 and PAS12. The light chain of PAS5, forming the majority of contact sites with the viral particle, focuses on the βB, B-C loop, βC and H-I loop of VP2, with key determinants at residues 68, 72 and 77 around the three-fold axis, corresponding to antigenic site 2. The contact sites of both VH and VL of PAS12 uncover a novel antigenic structure comprising the B-C, and H-I loops on VP2, and the B-B knob and βB on VP3, with key determinants at residue 73 on VP2 and 59 on VP3. Subsequently, site-directed competitive ELISA analysis of sera from primary and booster vaccinated pigs revealed a balanced antibody response profile, suggesting a potentially even immunodominance among antigenic site 2, VP1 G-H loop, and the novel antigenic structure spanning VP2 and VP3 on FMDV serotype Asia1. Compared to the focused immunodominance observed in other serotypes, this balanced antigenic recognition across VP1, VP2, and VP3 of FMDV serotype Asia1 reflects a diversified antibody response that may contribute to effective neutralization and protection.

Business Networks (BN) are systems formed by companies that interact in specific way, and the result of these interactions is a remarkable ability to compete. The object of this research is the analysis of the competitiveness in BN, and the objective is to develop metrics for analysis of the competitiveness in BN. This is a qualitative descriptive research, and uses primary sources (questionnaires and semi-structured interviews) and secondary sources of information (articles and other publications in the area). From the model of analysis of competitiveness proposed by Zaccarelli et al. (2008), procedures were performed to analyze the feasibility of applying the original metric of the model and new metrics were developed when necessary. The evaluation of metrics was possible after the empirical analysis, which consisted of the application of the model in two steel makings BN, the ArcelorMittal BN and Votorantim Steel BN. It was found that the metrics of six of ten fundamentals of the model of Zaccarelli et al. (2008) had impracticable metrics, subsequently, new metrics were developed and tested. The main contribution of this study was the improvement of the model, which will enable advances in the analysis of competitiveness business network.

In the article for the first time the assessment and cluster analysis of the sustainable competitiveness of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine was carried out. Approbation of the author’s methodology of assessment revealed a significant differentiation in the achieved level of sustainable competitiveness of agricultural enterprises at the present stage and analyze the basic reasons that form these differences in the main segments of the agricultural market. The results of cluster analysis can be used for cluster organization of competitive production and justification of zonal and regional specialization and its concentration. Practical application of the research results will contribute to informed decision-making at different levels of management.

The rise and prosperity of cross-border e-commerce has brought new development opportunities and greatchallenges to Chinese enterprises. By discussing the concepts and contents of cross-border e-commerce andenterprise competitiveness, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of enterprise competitiveness ofcross-border e-commerce enterprises. By means of questionnaires and interviews with the management ofrelevant enterprises, the relevant data were obtained. In the dimensional analysis of cross-border e-commerceand enterprise competitiveness, the influencing factors of cross-border e-commerce enterprise competitivenesswere discussed. The results show that the flat organizational structure is conducive to enhance thecompetitiveness of enterprises, and the fund management and human resource management play a more obviousrole; The mastery of key technologies brings competitive advantages to enterprises. Because laws andregulations belong to the policy environment, compared with other factors, the impact on the competitiveness ofenterprises is not obvious. To sum up, service level and customer satisfaction have the greatest impact onenterprise competitiveness; cost management and capital efficiency have a great impact on the competitivenessof enterprises; The conclusion that market demand has a relatively small impact on enterprise competitiveness.

Lin, C.; Xu, X.-P., and Du, S.-J., 2019. Analysis and evaluation of international competitiveness of china's state-owned technology enterprises in marine industry. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 687–691. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The development of marine industry can promote the development of related industries and create high economic value for the society, therefore, it's of great significance for the development of our country to develop the marine industry and improve the international competitiveness of the marine industry. This paper carries out studies on the analysis and evaluation of the international competitiveness of China's state-owned technology enterprises in the marine industry, and constructs an evaluation indicator system for the international competitiveness of the marine industry. In this paper, the factor analysis method is adopted to comprehensively evaluate the international competitiveness of the marine industry in China, Japan and the United States. The research results show that the overall international competitiveness of China's state-owned technology enterprises is relatively weak, ranking the fifth in the list, and the top three being Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom. China's state-owned technology enterprises should enhance their international competitiveness from three aspects: enhancing marine science and technology, optimizing the structure of the marine industry, and strengthening the management of the marine industry. This study has practical significance for improving the international competitiveness of China's state-owned technology enterprises in marine industry and promoting the development of marine industry.

Depending on the objective of assessing the competitiveness of wine-producers, different methods can be applied. Methods for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises in the wine sector may be based on one or several indicators, on one or several parameters. Тhe factors most influencing the competitiveness of wine producers are: terroir, quality and price of wines, productivity, financial stability, growth, innovation, production and marketing flexibility, corporate image, advertising, adaptability to the market, etc. Ranking wine producers based on their competitiveness is essential to properly assess and analyse the state and position of each at a particular point in time, judging the outcomes of past events on this basis and laying a good foundation for planning future efforts. The aim of the article is to study the methods and methodology for analysis and assessment of competitiveness of wine producing enterprises.

The hospitality industry is influenced by an increasing number of factors every year. For a successful hotel business, it is necessary to know exactly the market, your potential guests and be able to prevent all unforeseen risks. By studying all this, you can choose a profitable competitiveness strategy, which, if chosen correctly, can help the company get out of a difficult situation. At the present stage, the hotel business is quite often faced with problems of border closures, pandemics, low tourist flow, customer requirements and outdated service. By defining its unique competitive advantages for customers, the company is able to sustainably survive all these problems. The purpose of the study is to determine the main competitive advantages based on the analysis of the competitiveness of hotels in St. Petersburg. The methods of comparison, induction, competitiveness analysis, and survey were used in the work. As a result of this study, the main trends in the development of the hospitality industry market were identified, the analysis of the work of the Helvetia Hotel as a leading company using a differentiation strategy was carried out, during the analysis of competitiveness, the main competitive advantages for the differentiation strategy in St. Petersburg were identified.

The present research assesses the competitive status of the largest companies of the Russian Federation at the end of 2015 with the aim of identifying the most competitive enterprises in the conditions of macroeconomic instability. The main methods of evaluation of competitiveness of enterprises have been analyzed. The research enlists basic principles of the dynamic approach to the assessment of the competitiveness of enterprises, describes the theoretical and methodological principles underlying the dynamic approach. It has formulated methodological and methodic advantages of the dynamic approach compared to traditional assessment methods of competitiveness of enterprises. It dwells upon practical aspects of the assessment and analysis of competitiveness of enterprises on the basis of the dynamic method. It contains the calculations for evaluating the competitiveness of the largest companies in the Russian Federation in 2015 and the analysis of competitiveness by industry. It is shown that, unlike traditional rankings which tend to be based only on a single indicator (most often, it is a revenue or capitalization of the entity taken as one accounting period), ranking of companies with the use of the dynamic approach is a more accurate assessment tool for their competitiveness.

The evaluation and promotion of the integration competitiveness of TPL Enterprises is not only a new-emerging practical issue but also a theoretical frontier one. On the basis of theory of system engineering, this paper has put forward the concept of the integration competitiveness of TPL enterprises, assumed the evaluation index system, investigated the feasibility of carrying through fuzzy system evaluation, up-built the mathematics models for fuzzy systematically evaluating, basing on the analysis on the meaning and the elements of the synthesis competitiveness of enterprises. Instance appliance approve this evaluation system is feasible and practical. 1 PROPOSING THE ISSUE What essentially determines the competition outcome among the third party logistics (TPL) enterprises? For that, centering around the competitiveness of the TPL enterprises, the literature study has found that, the existing relevant studies of scholars both at home and abroad focus on three aspects: the first is to discuss the content, utility and features of the enterprise competitiveness and core competitiveness from several views.(Prahalad,1990) thinks that the core capacity of enterprise is the organizational collective learning. Thereafter, most of the scholars such as (Teece, 1997) et al think that, this capacity is with the properties of uniqueness, exclusivity and inimitability. By applying actual research on TPL enterprises, (Liu Youping, 2007) think that, the competitiveness of TPL enterprises is a kind of organic integrity consisting of several interrelated and interactional factors. The second is to dissect and explain the sources and relevant factors of the enterprise competitiveness and the core competitiveness by several paths.(Porter, 1985) has put forward that the competition advantage comes from the value beyond the cost created by the enterprises for the customers, represented as such two forms as the cost leadership and differentiation. (Xiang Xiulan, 2012) have analyzed the external competition environment of domestic TPL enterprises by using Porter's Five Forces Model. The third is to clarify the identification and evaluation of the enterprise competitiveness and the core competitiveness. After (Amy, 1992) have put forward that the senior management must identify and cultivate the core competitiveness by the four criteria, (Wang Hai- yan, 2011) have discussed the application of projection-based principal component analysis in the competitiveness evaluation of TPL enterprises. Conclusively, scholars have conducted numerous explorations, but the

The article analyzes modern conceptual approaches to substantiate the economic essence of the enterprise competitiveness and considers the corresponding methods of competitive analysis. It is shown that, despite the fact that competitiveness is one of the key economic terms and despite the existence of a large number of scientific studies on competitiveness, today there is no generally accepted definition of this term. It is argued that the most common approach to the interpretation of competitiveness at the enterprise level is the analysis of existing competitive advantages, but there are discrepancies in the methods of their accounting and ranking. The expediency of applying competitive analysis, which consists in assessing the level of competition in a certain market for the purpose of substantiating business decisions, is substantiated. Today, the term "competitiveness" is used in different perspectives, as scientists put different concepts into its essence. It is shown that in the economic literature one can find three approaches to understanding the term "enterprise competitiveness". The first approach is based on an analysis of the internal and external activities of the enterprise without mentioning products or goods. The second approach is based only on the study of the product, that is, the competitiveness of a company is considered as its ability to produce a competitive product or service. The third approach combines the commodity and production activities of the company. It is shown that the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises is often determined by the methods provided for large companies, which is not justified, since SMEs differ in their organizational structure, forms of cooperation with the environment, management systems and ways of competing with other companies. Competitiveness can belong to different levels of aggregation: supranational, national, regional, local, industrial, sectoral, as well as individual companies. It was argued that given the fact that a single conceptual approach to the economic substantiation of the term "competitiveness" has not yet been developed, there is currently no single methodology for comprehensive quantitative assessment of the competitiveness of an enterprise, the need for which is becoming increasingly urgent.

Innovativeness is a key determinant in territorial development. Due to the fact that this development is concentrated on a specific geographical area, it refers to the ability to introduce novel, unique solutions, but above all to make use of knowledge and create new value in a given territory. Undeniably, it has an influence not only on the creation of a competitive advantage, economic growth, and the development of strategic sectors, but also, which should be underlined, on cooperation and clustering. The need to implement innovations stems from the competitiveness of enterprises, but above all, from the need to stimulate a territory as a specific social structure. For this reason, in the current socio-economic reality, innovativeness refers to the whole community in a given territory, its history, culture, knowledge and territorial capital skills. The aim of the article was to analyse the opportunities for implementing innovative processes in order to strengthen the territorial development paradigm, which is as yet poorly understood and popularised in the economic sciences, although sometimes correctly associated with the development of socio-economic areas (regions, micro-regions). The article is theoretical in nature. The research method applied is critical analysis of the subject literature.

Presented in the present paper are the results of a scientific study that aims to develop and test a different model for analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in the modern economic environment. Examined closely are the main aspects of the enterprise competitiveness in full consideration of their internal abilities to achieve high results over a long period of time,. The analysis shows that there are new possibilities for researching the competitiveness of the manufacturing enterprises, in search of simpler and universally applicable models and methods for the analysis and evaluation of competitiveness, and in particular that of the industrial enterprises. A new model is proposed for the analysis of the enterprise competitiveness by using familiar techniques, but with the application of a new approach to the grouping of the aspects of competitiveness in three main directions. It is also worth noting that the model. hereto described. is applicable to enterprises of different scale and subject of manufacturing.

Introduction. This article is dedicated to the improvement of strategy and operational activities of domestic enterprises based on benchmarking, as well as the justification of effective tools for applying this method. Goal. The aim is to study and justify effective tools for applying benchmarking in the process of improving the strategy and operational activities of Ukrainian enterprises. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been formulated: to assess modern approaches to using benchmarking as a tool to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of enterprises; to identify the specifics and limitations that Ukrainian companies face when implementing benchmarking; to develop recommendations for adapting benchmarking to the conditions of the Ukrainian market, considering current economic and social challenges; to propose tools that can contribute to improving operational activities and optimizing business processes through benchmarking. Research methods. The methods of systematic and structural analysis, as well as the method of generalization, were used. The results. The research showed that implementing benchmarking in Ukrainian organizations has several advantages, including the ability to objectively assess their processes, set realistic goals for improvement, and engage employees in continuous improvement. In general, it can be stated that benchmarking contributes to the development of a culture of continuous improvement. When enterprises actively compare themselves to competitors and constantly seek opportunities for improvement, this stimulates innovation and increases efficiency at all levels of the organization. The article examines and highlights modern approaches to using benchmarking as a tool to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of enterprises. Based on the study of the specifics of implementing benchmarking in Ukrainian companies, the main limitations and challenges of this process are identified, and recommendations for adapting benchmarking in Ukraine are provided. Benchmarking is identified as an important innovative method, with a wide and diverse toolkit for improving strategy and operational activities of domestic enterprises, as well as enhancing management efficiency in the face of modern challenges. A detailed description and justification of benchmarking tools are provided, which should be used by domestic enterprises when forming their activity strategy and carrying out current operations. These tools include: SWOT analysis; Balanced Scorecard; Process Mapping; Data Analytics Software; international standards and certifications; competitive analysis; internal surveys and feedback; partnership programs and experience exchange. Conclusions. The main provisions of this scientific article will contribute to the effective application of benchmarking to improve the strategy and operational activities of domestic enterprises. Keywords: benchmarking, development, strategy, operational activities, method, toolkit.

The article deals with the problems of enterprise competitiveness under current market conditions. De- spite the fact that today many approaches to the assessment and analysis of competitiveness are developed, only some of them allow obtaining objective results and are applied in business practice. In this context the main requirements to the methodology formed by the authors are the ease of its use and comprehensive, integral assessment of competitiveness level achieved by enterprises. Taking into account the requirements mentioned above, the authors propose the universal methodical approach to the assessment of competitiveness of industrial enterprises, which allows calculating the integrated index of business units. The indicators of enterprise’s operating efficiency, financial sustainability, potential and risk of its development are determined as the key components of integral index of enterprise competitiveness. And these components allow taking into account the impact of the majority of factors that influence the current state and prospects of the business unit. According to the authors, the proposed approach provides an assessment of competitiveness level of investigated enterprise with minimal labor contribution, which is a key condition of its further wide practical application. And its focus on the study and analysis of indicators of enterprise functioning in dynamics ensures the maximum reliability of the assessment results. The article presents the results of approbation of conducted results. During the approbation a developed methodical approach has been used to solve the practical problem related to the assessment and analysis in dynamics of the competitiveness level of “Uralchimplast-Amdor” LLC which is a resident company of the industrial park “Chemical Park “Tagil”.

\nThe article gives the author’s interpretation of concepts such as the model of competitive field and competitive market conditions in the field, and shows how to quantify the competitive field provided adequate statistical base for the operation of enterprises in market competition. The authors offer a competitively construction company with a model of the competitive field, which gives the following definition: a model of a competitive field is a graph crossing function of the life cycle of concrete products construction companies. However, the model cannot afford to manage the process, it only helps to visualize the situation. To control you need to select a specific element of the model, which can be quantified. The authors make it through the competitive field, which is defined as a closed path created by the intersection of functions depending on the market price of the construction product by product positioning in the market of the time. For a quantitative analysis of the competitive field size must use the main economic-mathematical methods and types of statistical analysis of competition.\n