Abstract
A new theory for the electron emission mechanism of cold-cathode arcs is proposed in which excited atoms play a predominant role as a source for ion generation in the vicinity of the cathode surface. The processes of resonance ionization of excited atoms at the cathode surface and of ionization of excited atoms in the strong electric field at the cathode surface are considered.Special emphasis is given to the dispersed (or $D$-type) arc which operates with a relatively low emission current density. An analysis of the $D$ type of arc is given based on the proposed theory. Recent studies of this arc are shown to corroborate the theory.The rapid decrease of electron plasma temperature and population of excited atoms during arc-current interruption offer an explanation for the short extinguishing time of cold-cathode arcs.
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