Abstract
We describe, for the first time, the effects of Mn co-doping on the upconversion emission of Yb, Er - NaGdF4 nanoparticles using an ns pulsed laser with variable energy density and pulse width modulation. Unlike cw excitation that leaves unchanged the emission colour with power density, ns pulsed excitation induced a remarkable green to orange colour tuning with the increase of the energy density from 3 to 70 mJ/cm2. Pulse width modulation from 0.02 to 5 ms determines green to yellow colour tuning for 10% Mn, which is well-correlated with the built and decay stages of Er green and red emissions. Our study gives new insights into Mn role in colour tuning of Mn, Yb, Er - NaGdF4 nanoparticles and highlights the potential of these systems for anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging and lifetime multiplex applications.
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