Emergency Decision Simulation for Urban Rail Transit during Rainstorm Floods

China’s urban development has entered the stage of urban renewal, transitioning from large-scale incremental construction to stock enhancement and renovation. In response to challenges such as traffic congestion and land-use constraints, urban planning has increasingly prioritized the development of urban underground space (UUS) and urban rail transit (URT). However, disparities in development levels across cities, as well as the fragmented and uncoordinated integration of UUS and URT, remain significant challenges. While existing studies have predominantly examined UUS and URT independently, the interaction between the two has been largely overlooked. In order to supplement this gap, the aim of this study is to construct an integrated measurement framework and quantitatively assess the level of integration between UUS and URT in 38 Chinese cities. We seek to explore the interrelationship between the two, identify the differences in the integration process across cities, and discuss the potential implications for urban planning and policy making. Specifically, this study assembles an integration measurement index framework from three dimensions (UUS, URT, and urban development), quantitatively evaluates the integration level of 38 Chinese cities by using the entropy weighting and VIKOR methods, and summarizes the regionalization characteristics by using K-means clustering. The results of the study show that (1) there is a positive correlation between UUS development and URT construction and the degree of correlation is affected by the level of urban development; (2) the construction of URT is dominant in the integrated system of UUS and URT; (3) the sample cities can be classified according to the characteristics of the integration into the types of developing cities (47.37%), mature cities (21.05%), and underdeveloped cities (31.58%), and there is a clustering effect on the overall spatial distribution.

The development of urban rail transit is a cause which should need huge investment. The current Chinese urban rail transit infrastructure is mainly manifested as an act of government investment. If inappropriately, it will not only cause a huge waste of money and a heavy financial burden upon the government, but also can be more likely to lead to a serious imbalance of the allocation of resources, so as to undermine the coordinated development of economic sectors, block social progress. From the perspective of sustainable urban development, the problems between the current urban rail transit and regional economic development was analyzed so as to reveal the relationship between the urban rail transit and regional economic development. The results show that the correct understanding of the economic construction of urban rail transit properties, promote and coordinate the relationship between the urban rail transit planning and economic development, can make China's urban rail transit construction and regional economic coordinated development The urban rail transit was characterized by a big amount of the transportation, safety, punctuality, saving energy, the high use of room and so on. It was recognized by the world-wide that the solution to the rail transit needs to be given priority to the development of it rather than other transportation tool in the transit system. In China, the urban rail transit not only had brought the solid transportation public more conveniently, but also it had been a significant symbol transportation modernization as well. Especially the best solution to get rid of traffic problem was to develop the public rail transit to the heavy loaded traffic in China. Meanwhile, the urban rail transit played a vital role in promoting the urban economy, improving the city ecological environment, optimizing the urban structure, and developing the regional economy which was coordinated with one another. With the increasing development of economy and the constant improvement of urbanization in China, the facilities of the urban rail transit had been rapidly developed as well. At present, there were some problems on the urban rail transit development plan and scale making urban rail

Rational planning for the underground space development in subway station areas, in coordinate with the urban rail transit development, has positive impacts on the sustainable development of cities. This paper induces the space syntax method for calculating the quantitative accessibility index of the urban rail transit and detects the coordination between urban underground space use intensity and rail transit system of the 7 selected subway lines in Tokyo. The results show that the station areas with higher accessibility index are the same sort with higher underground space use intensity. This means that the space syntax method is suitable and feasible for calculation of the quantitative accessibility index of subway lines. The higher the accessibility index is, the more underground space will be needed potentially in future. The areas with high accessibility of subway lines and low intensity of public underground space develop are the key districts under potential exploitation of underground space.

With the rapid development of science and technology, Chinese urban rail transit has entered a newstage of intelligent development from the stage of rapid construction. Urban rail transit has the advantagesof high speed, large capacity and high density, which greatly facilitates modern life. However,urban rail transit is quite different from conventional ground transportation. Traditional informationtransmission methods cannot be well applied to urban rail transit. The maturity and commercial useof 5G mobile communication technology provide new ideas for solving the problem of informationtransmission in urban rail transit. Based on the salient features and key technologies of 5G communicationtechnology, this paper researches on key technonlgies 5G in rail transit scenarios to achievefast and efficient processing efficiency. It is a solution for intelligent operation and maintenance ofurban rail transit and high-definition video surveillance, and studies and analyzes the security of thesystem solution. This fills the gap of rail transit in these two fields, and provides dual guarantees ofsafety and service for urban rail transit construction. It provides a new direction for the applicationof future urban rail transit system.

With the continuous expansion of urban scale and the continuous increase of population, the pressure of urban traffic is increasing, so it is necessary to improve urban rail transit and better promote urban development and construction. At this stage, urban rail transit as an important tool of urban public transport, with fast, energy-saving and other advantages, so it has become an important part of urban infrastructure. Stable power system is the basis to ensure the stable operation of urban rail transit. However, traction power supply and electric power technology are needed to provide technical support in the operation of urban rail transit. This paper analyzes the content of this aspect and has a certain understanding of the relevant technology through the analysis of the article. Urge the relevant staff to conduct in-depth research, in order to obtain more advanced technology. With the gradual improvement of the reliability and advanced nature of the power grid, the self-healing ability has become the core function of the advanced power grid system in the future. This paper analyzes and compares the research status and technical characteristics of self-healing technology of distribution network system and rail transit power supply system, and points out the deficiency of self-healing of rail transit power supply system at present; by combing the fault scenarios and self-healing requirements of rail transit power supply system, this paper preliminarily analyzes the realization method of self-healing system, and puts forward an overall architecture of self-healing system. This paper first explains the causes of urban rail transit power system faults, then explains the fault types of urban rail transit power system, and finally explains the ways to deal with the faults of urban rail transit power system. With the continuous acceleration of urban modernization in China, urban rail transit has become the main force of urban transportation, providing people with more convenient travel, but also has a very high travel efficiency. It is precisely because of the characteristics of urban rail transit itself that it has become the darling of urban development, and many cities have plans to build rail transit.

The Chinese environment is experiencing the “U-Type” course from sharp deterioration to significant improvement. In order to achieve the fundamental improvement of the ecological environment, China has implemented several relevant policies and strategies. Among them, the development of urban rail transit, as an essential measure to improve the ecological environment in China, has attracted more and more attention, but the research on the interactive coercion relationship between rail transit and the ecological environment is minimal. Therefore, this study selected ten cities opening urban rail transit before 2005 in mainland China as research objects and established an urban rail transit and ecological environment comprehensive evaluation index system. Then, the interactive coercing model and coupling coordination model were used, and the dynamic relationship between urban rail transit and the ecological environment was explored. The research results in this study showed that (1) there is an apparent interactive coercion relationship between urban rail transit and the ecological environment, and the evolution trajectory conforms to a double exponential curve. (2) From 2006 to 2019, Wuhan’s ecological environment pressure index showed a continuous downward trend. The ecological environment improved the fastest. The rest of the cities showed a trend of first rising and then falling. (3) The type of coupling coordination degree of urban rail transit and ecological environment showed a changing coordination trend from severe incoordination—slight to incoordination—basic to coordination—good. Beijing has the highest degree of overall coordinated development in urban rail transit and the ecological environment. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the realisation of the virtuous circle development of rail transit and the ecological environment.

The construction of urban rail transit plays a crucial role in improving traffic conditions in large cities, promoting green urban development, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Based on Chinese urban data, this paper employs a time-varying difference-in-difference model combined with the Heckman two-step method to control the sample selection problem. The objective of this methodology is to ascertain whether urban rail transit exerts a traffic creation effect or a traffic substitution effect. The following results were found: (1) Urban rail transit notably reduces the bus ridership per capita and the carbon dioxide emissions per capita in cities, a finding which passes a series of robustness tests, and the traffic substitution effect increases as the number of urban rail transit lines increases. (2) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the traffic substitution effect in terms of carbon reduction in urban rail transit is greater in non-resource-based cities, cities with large carbon emissions, and cities with low fiscal pressure. (3) Urban rail transit reduces the carbon dioxide emissions per capita by improving the allocation efficiency of factor resources and further generating technological innovation and structural upgrading effects. (4) Spatial econometric analysis shows that urban rail transit has a significant spatial spillover effect on the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per capita in neighboring cities. In short, urban rail transit can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions per capita by improving resource allocation and support the attainment of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. This effect is greater in large cities where urban rail transit networks have been established. Therefore, cities should actively promote the construction of metro and other rail transit within the scope of urban financial resources and make full use of the carbon reduction and efficiency enhancement functions of urban rail transit. In this way, urban rail transit can become an effective tool for the realization of sustainable development.

Different from traditional urban rail transit network, urban rapid rail transit network planning is system planning in a greater region with multi-level, multi-factor and multi-objective planning. The significance of an evaluation index system of urban rapid rail transit network planning has been shown in urban rapid rail transit development. Based on the analysis of an evaluation index system of urban rapid rail transit network planning in different cities and the “3E” principle (Economy, Environment, Equality) that was used in Metropolitan and Comprehensive Transportation planning, the evaluation index system of urban rapid rail transit network planning is reorganized. Grey incidence analysis method is carried out to evaluate the latest urban rapid rail transit network planning in Chengdu of China and the best one of five plan alternatives is selected. Results show that the “3E” principle is much more guidable for the evaluation index system, and Grey incidence analysis method is much more effective. Through this article, for the real practice of urban rapid rail transit network planning in Chengdu of China in 2010, scientific decision support is provided and shows high-grade results.

Today, the level of social modernization has been improved. With the continuous development of information and communication technology and the Internet industry, their application has been expanding, including the field of urban rail transit. Rail transit is moving towards a more intelligent, large scale and a high security goal. Which also makes the urban rail transit for information technology put forward higher requirements. Nowadays, managing the rail transit system needs to solve many complex problems, and the use of cloud computing technology will give the entire rail transit system response capacity to bring a substantial increase in order to achieve its further development provides a good opportunity. This paper analyzes the necessity of the combination of cloud computing technology and urban rail transit construction by analyzing the general situation of urban rail transit construction in China, and analyzes the application model of cloud computing in urban rail transit, and puts forward the prospect of urban rail transit intelligent construction.

Emergencies have a significant impact on the passenger flow of urban rail transit. It is of great practical significance to accurately predict the urban rail transit passenger flow and carry out research on its temporal and spatial distributions under emergency conditions. Urban rail transit operating units currently use video surveillance information mainly to process emergencies and rarely use computer vision technology to analyze passenger flow information collected. Accordingly, this paper proposes a passenger flow-based temporal and spatial distribution model for urban rail transit emergencies based on the CPT. First, this paper clarifies the categories and classification of urban rail transit emergencies, analyzes the factors affecting passenger route selection, and establishes a generalized travel cost model for passengers under emergencies. Second, this paper establishes a passenger route choice behavior model for urban rail transit based on the cumulative prospect theory. Finally, taking Beijing as an example, this paper analyzes passenger travel behavior under emergencies based on multiple logistic regression models and analyzes the impact of emergencies on rail transit travel behavior. The research results show that the cumulative prospect theory can better describe the route choice behavior of rail transit passengers under emergencies than the existing models, and this model is of great significance for handling urban rail transit emergencies. The model proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate traffic management measures.

Transporting parcels on urban passenger rail transit is gaining growing interest as a response to the increasing demand and cost of urban parcel delivery. To analyze the welfare effects of different fare regimes when allowing parcel services on an urban rail transit, this paper models the optimal service problem where the transit operator chooses the number of trains and the departure intervals. By introducing a reduced form train timetable problem, the passenger train crowding model is extended to incorporate the effect of freight train scheduling. We show that the freight users are better off in the time-varying optimal fare regime, while passengers are worse off, and that the time-varying optimal fare regime calls for more trains than the optimal uniform fare regime. However, the reduction in passenger trains due to the introduction of freight service can eliminate the welfare gain from passenger time-varying fare. If the price elasticity of freight demand is relatively high, implementing road toll can generate welfare loss when rail transit is privately operated.

Because there are some differences in operation management body and investment body between city railway/suburban railway and other modes of transportation of urban rail transit, reasonable coordination and effective connection cant achieve in various modes of transportation of urban rail transit, resulting in not only wasting national limited traffic resource, but also bringing so much inconvenience to the traveling passengers. Under this background, the author proposes the alternative use mode of building integrative urban passenger rail transit system and their definitions. Then, the bi-level programming model of the integrative passenger rail transit line station layout based on the alternative use mode is established. Whats more, the simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve it. Finally, a numerical example shows that the pattern of multi-point stopping under alternative use mode is beneficial to reduce total consumption of passenger agglomeration and shorten the passenger traveling time, at the same time it is more beneficial to ease the urban traffic pressure (especially the city ground traffic).

With the development and extension of urban rail transit routes, the planning and construction of urban rapid rail transit emerge as the times require. The turn-back capacity is an important factor restricting the transportation capacity of urban rail transit lines. In view of the current situation that the existing research content is relatively weak on the turn-back ability of urban rapid rail transit, starting from the fundamental reasons that affect the turn-back operation time, combined with the latest standards and specifications of the actual urban rapid rail transit, taking the maximum allowable train speed on the side of the turnout as the limit, this paper combines the basic dynamic model of train operation, analyzes the influence of speed and acceleration on the turn-back capacity. Finally, the paper puts forward some engineering suggestions to improve the turn-back capacity of urban rapid rail transit.

A competitive relationship has been generated between urban rail transit and bus transit since the operation of the former. Despite different roles in providing services in public transport corridor, they affect each other in actual situations. In terms of urban transportation planning and policy formulation, it is necessary to explore and master the rules of passengers' travel mode choice from different means. In order to study their choices between the rail transit and the bus transit after the operation of the former, taking Xiamen, China as an example, this article analyzed the overall travel features of passenger flow before and after the operation of rail transit by using the public transit IC card data from two consecutive weeks in November 2017 and November 2018. Some features of travel distance, travel time, travel cost, whether to travel in peak hours, the number of collinear stations between bus transit and rail transit or that of rail transit stations are sorted out. With random forest algorithm, a model is set up for the travel mode choice of passengers after urban rail transit is put into use to find out the impact of different travel features. The result shows that travel cost is the most crucial factor that affects passengers' decisions, followed by the number of collinear stations between bus transit and rail transit or that of rail transit stations, travel time and travel distance. Whether to travel in peak hours have less impact on their choices. This study is constructive for cities in the stage of facing competition between newly opened rail transit and bus transit and support transportation decision-making.

As fundamental nodal elements in urban spatial structures, the coupling and coordinated development of urban business centers and urban rail transit contributes to the optimization of these structures. Utilizing complex network theory, a model for the urban rail transit network was constructed. The importance and hub nature of urban rail transit stations were evaluated from different angles, including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. These metrics examined the station's degree, closeness to other nodes, number of shortest paths, and centrality of neighboring nodes. The coupling relationship between urban rail transit and urban business centers was taken into account, leading to the creation of a coupling and coordination degree model for urban rail transit stations and urban business centers. An analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling relationship between urban rail transit and business centers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou from 2000 to 2020 was conducted. The findings indicated an interactive and mutually influencing coupling relationship between the urban rail transit network and urban business centers. Over time, the coupling and coordination degree of urban rail transit stations and urban business centers trended from being uncoordinated towards preliminary, moderate, and good coordination. Spatial heterogeneity existed in the coupling and coordination status of different circles, with the best coupling and coordination conditions being in the core area. There was a degree of variance in the coupling and coordination development situation of rail transit stations and business centers in the core areas of different cities. Among them, Shanghai's core area had the best spatial coupling and coordination development situation, Beijing's core area lagged in business center development compared to the construction of the urban rail transit network, while Guangzhou's core area saw urban rail transit network development lag behind its mature business centers. The application of these research findings aids in promoting sustainable urban development. While this study primarily measured the importance of urban rail transit network stations from the node centrality perspective, future studies could further examine the spatial coupling of urban rail transit and business centers from the viewpoints of accessibility and passenger flow.