Em busca da mãe África: identidade e memória no romance Essa Dama Bate Bué, de Yara Nakahanda Monteiro

Beyond Discontent:

Part 1. Theoretical and Methodological Issues in African American Racial Identity Chapter 1. Forty Years of Cross' Nigrescence Theory: From Stages to Profiles, From African Americans to All Americans Chapter 2. The Conceptualization and Measurement of Racial Identity and Racial Identification within Psychology Chapter 3. African American Racial Identity Research in Political Science: The Need for a Multidimensional Measure Part 2. African American Racial Identity and Psychological Well-Being Chapter 4. The Effects of Racial Identity on African-American Youth Well-Being: A Clarification of the Research and Meta-analysis Chapter 5. Black Identity and Well-Being: Untangling Race and Ethnicity Chapter 6. Black Racial/Ethnic Identity and Its Impact on Well-Being: Bridging Identity Theory and Racial/Ethnic Identity Research Chapter 7. When Racial Identity Matters: Stressful Events and Mental Health in Rural African American Adolescents Part 3. African American Racial Identity and Physical Health Chapter 8. The Role of African American Racial Identification in Health Behavior Chapter 9. Vascular Depression and African Americans: A Population at Risk Part 4. African American Racial Identity Development and Effects on Parents and Children Chapter 10. Black Like Me: The Race Socialization of African American Boys by Nonresident Fathers Chapter 11. Toward a Model of Racial Identity and Parenting in African Americans Chapter 12. African American Children's Racial Identification and Identity: Development of Racial Narratives Part 5. African American Racial Identity and Influence on Educational Behavior Chapter 13. Racial Identity as a Buffer to Discrimination among Low Income African American Adolescents: An Examination of Academic Performance Chapter 14. The Congruence Between African American Students' Racial Identity Beliefs and their Academic Climates: Implications for Academic Motivation and Achievement Chapter 15. The Influence of African American Racial Identity on Standardized Test Performance Chapter 16. An Exploration of Racial Identity among Black Doctoral Students Involved in Cross-Race Advising Relationships Chapter 17. The Relationship between African American Males' Collegiate Peer Support Groups and Their Racial Identity Development

This paper highlights the relationship between group identification and racialized emotions among white Americans when asked to think about slavery on U.S. soil. Previous scholarship focuses on the consequences of such emotions or stimuli that increase them; however, there is limited work focusing on threat as a racialized emotion, or more broadly who is likely to experience heightened emotions when asked to think about historical racial violence that implicates their group. Using Group Position Theory and Identity Theory, I elevate work on racial threat as an emotion, and demonstrate how it is linked to white Americans’ group identification with their racial, national, and class identities. Then I compare this relationship to other commonly studied emotions—guilt and shame—to demonstrate threat’s unique relationship with these identities. Using survey data collected from a Survey Sampling International panel ( n = 869), I find that feelings of threat are maximized among white Americans who strongly identify with their racial and national identities. In contrast, guilt is heightened among whites who strongly identify with their racial identity, but weakly identify with their national identity, while shame has no significant relationship with these identities. Feelings of threat are also more likely in respondents who self-identify as members of the lower or working class (in comparison to the middle class). The results highlight one way that threat is a distinct emotional experience for white Americans when compared to other emotions. I conclude by discussing how understanding emotions as an outcome of white Americans’ self-perceptions of their identities as group members stands to advance the study of intergroup relations and racism in the United States.

John D. Kerkering's study examines the literary history of racial and national identity in nineteenth-century America. Kerkering argues that writers such as DuBois, Lanier, Simms, and Scott used poetic effects to assert the distinctiveness of certain groups in a diffuse social landscape. Kerkering explores poetry's formal properties, its sound effects, as they intersect with the issues of race and nation. He shows how formal effects, ranging from meter and rhythm to alliteration and melody, provide these writers with evidence of a collective identity, whether national or racial. Through this shared reliance on formal literary effects, national and racial identities, Kerkering shows, are related elements of a single literary history. This is the story of how poetic effects helped to define national identities in Anglo-America as a step toward helping to define racial identities within the United States. This highly original study will command a wide audience of Americanists.

The colonial violence in Indonesia’s War of Independence (1945–1949) remains a controversial subject in Dutch society up to this day. In 2022, former Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte apologised for the “systematic and widespread extreme violence,” prompting renewed debate on how official statements and apologies function as forms of hegemonic remembrance. This paper revisits Ann Stoler’s concept of colonial aphasia and Gloria Wekker’s concept of white innocence. It examines several critical moments that reveal the persistent difficulties of remembering and forgetting colonial violence. Each section presents primary sources related to a specific critical event, followed by speeches, statements, or reports issued by the Dutch government. This research highlights how reports, statements, and apologies have historically been instrumentalised by the Dutch state to construct a nationally accepted hegemonic narrative—one that acknowledges colonial violence while simultaneously evading deeper accountability.

This thesis is primarily concerned with how London West End revue engaged in the construction and representation of national and racial identities. The central research question is: what do these representations of national and racial identities in West End revue tell us about wider British culture and society in this period? In answering this question, I explore and develop a number of understandings of how national and racial identity operated in mainstream popular culture. How important was the influence of national and racial politics to revue’s success? Why was identity so compelling a theme in these shows? How did other dimensions of difference, such as gender, sexuality and class, interact within these representations of race and nation? What does revue tell us about the changing state and status of Britain under the influence of new technologies, migration and early globalisation? How does this particular focus on national and racial identities change or challenge our wider understanding of revue and its significance in British culture across this period? My thesis proposes that London West End revue was a topical, satirical popular theatre that engaged in national identity discourse and reconstituted identity formations through music, dance and wordplay. Through contextual and textual analysis, I highlight the attitudes, assumptions and beliefs that informed revue performance and narratives and reflected provocative new lifestyles, values and politics. Often politically conservative, protective of the status quo and concerned with appealing to a mainstream audience, revue was highly sensitive to the status and position of both Britain and London and cultivated a sense of itself as the defender of a colonial empire and, at the same time, the centre of a cosmopolitan culture that competed with other metropolitan centres such as Paris, Berlin and New York.

The Indian Uprising of 1857 remains a deeply politicized event. It is often remembered as a nationalist Uprising in India, a ‘First War of Independence’, and condescendingly referred to in the UK as a ‘mutiny’ of Indian soldiers. This chapter looks at the Uprising and its international and local effects. It was foundational to the creation of the colonial state in India and changed imperial governance structures globally, with the British forever aware of the possibility of anti-colonial resistance and governed with greater brutality as a result. Conceptually, I argue that a granular reading of the Uprising, defined as an emphasis on the texture of the event itself, must focus on colonial violence. Moreover, this violence should disrupt the broad strokes historical narratives that International Relations (IR) rests upon. Indeed, the 1857 Indian Uprising demonstrates to us the colonial genealogy of the international, and the extreme violence that underpins it.

This chapter analyses the exploitation of Panama's diversity for tourism purposes and the resulting contradictions present in Panama's nation-building project. It discusses how culture and authenticity are intricately interconnected with politics and representation in the Latin America of the twenty-first century, where globalism and multiculturalism reign. Using an ethnographic case study of simulated cultural representations for tourist consumption in Panama-a country torn between strong nationalist sentiments and aspirations for Western modernity-it discusses how the Panamanian government and Panama City's authorities recreate, interpret, construct and reconstruct conflicting national and ethnic identities. The chapter studies the creation and use of the theme park officially called Centro Comercialy Turistico Mi Pueblito, which is informally known as Mi Pueblito and is located in the country's capital. It focuses on the expansive notions of identity and the production of cultural heritage in Panama that this centre represents.Keywords: Centro Comercialy Turistico Mi Pueblito; cultural heritage; multiculturalism; nation-building project; national identities; Panama; racial identities; theme park; tourism; tourist consumption

There can be no doubt that physical violence was a constant feature of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism in Latin America. Far from being uniform, however, the form and extent of colonial violence varied considerably between different regions and time periods. The paper discusses these differences and relates them, among other things, to the character of the native societies as well as to the different systems of economic exploitation the colonizers used. In another section, the patterns of violent protest against colonial rule will be discussed where periods of relative 'peacefulness' alternated with times of massive violence. Beyond this, it is argued that alliances between Europeans and indigenous groups played an important role in the establishment and preservation of colonial rule. Emphasizing native complicity in the colonial system by no means absolves Europeans from their responsibility for colonialism in Latin America as such or, more specifically, for the bulk of colonial violence. However, in view of the fact that the Spanish and Portuguese remained a small minority throughout most of Latin America up to the end of the colonial period, this aspect seems crucial to the understanding of how colonialism was possible at all. In a concluding section the long term consequences of the colonial violence and its legitimizing ideal after independence will be discussed. (author's abstract) Language: en

Reviewed by: The Social Lives of Poems in Nineteenth-Century America by Michael C. Cohen Mary Eyring (bio) The Social Lives of Poems in Nineteenth-Century America Michael C. Cohen Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015 281pp. Michael Cohen opens his study of Americans’ relationships to—and as mediated through—nineteenth-century poetry with a question: “What might a poetic history of the United States look like when it is generated from a place beyond the bounds of ‘reading’ as we typically understand it?” (1–2). In The Social Lives of Poems in Nineteenth-Century America, he posits an answer that comprehends both the nineteenth century and poetic genres in broad terms. His study spans a period from 1790 to 1903. The poetry he engages to map a host of social relations forged, contested, renegotiated, dissolved, and renewed during this period includes the familiar [End Page 716] as well as the forgotten or the willfully ignored—poems with “a vexed connection to literariness” such as broadside ballads, antislavery verse, and popular war poetry (2). These unfamiliar or unknown poems provide particularly fertile ground for Cohen’s project, as it complements conventional close readings with a more sustained focus on the ways American poems were not read, but rather “used.” “[N]onreading,” he argues, “can also be a productive enterprise, one that takes many forms, from ignoring, forgetting, and suppressing to copying, transcribing, reciting, memorizing, collecting, exchanging, and mimicking” (1). This reading of nonreading, particularly in the chapters directly concerned with early America, contributes much that is truly novel to studies of literary culture, racial identity, and citizenship during the post-Revolutionary and antebellum periods. Using poems provided Americans ways of relating to one another during moments of local crisis and collective tragedy and helped produce a shared sense of national memory and identity that shaped and reflected environments in flux. The term use allows Cohen critical command over both the materiality and the formal elements of a diverse group of American poems, and enables the book to chart “a history of literariness and genre from a wide array of engagements with poems, of which reading is one option among many” (9). Cohen’s impressive archival research yields evidence that registers the responses of the “ordinary reader,” often “invisible to history” (11). In analyzing, for example, the notes and illustrations with which readers bedecked their printed or handwritten copies of poems, readers’ letters to poets, authors’ personal notebooks, and performances of familiar lyrics, he argues for the function of individual poems as manifestations of social affiliations and anxieties and, in crucial instances, the means of imagining new forms of communal identification. The model of “imagined community,” as Cohen reminds us, is a formulation original to literary studies rather than political theory, and he persuasively demonstrates poetry’s role in mediating and articulating new forms of racial and national identity (7). As it traces the circulation of an array of individual poems (rather than the contours of “American poetry” as a retrospectively conceived genre), the book also brings a truly diverse cast of readers, and nonreaders, to the fore: While some readers found in poems a resource for critical interpretation, literary and aesthetic pleasure, and the enjoyment of linguistic [End Page 717] complexity, many more turned to poems for spiritual and psychic well-being; adopted popular song tunes to spread rumor, scandal, satire, and news; or used poems as a medium for personal and family memories, as well as local and national affiliations. (10) Indeed, the tenuous distinction between common and cultured readers, the difference between “varses and verses,” was more often muddied than preserved as readers across regional, socioeconomic, political, and racial identities recited, sang, copied, or manipulated the words of a single poem (21). Two threads run across chapters that encompass broadside balladry in the late eighteenth century, antislavery poems of the antebellum period, and minstrel songs and spirituals of the second half of the nineteenth century. The first is the function of all these poems as versions of “the ballad,” a poetic genre whose protean definitions chart moral and aesthetic debates about the value of ancient cultures, authenticity, popularity, and citizenship in nineteenth-century American life. The second is...

ABSTRACT.This article examines the place of the nation in discussions of collective identities in the early nineteenth century in northern Hispanic South America. It provides a historical account of the birth of national identities in the late colonial and early republican period, and then explores two main sections. The first looks at the port of Riohacha and its experiences during the Wars of Independence. The second examines the in‐patients at a hospital in Caracas just after the end of the wars in 1821. The conclusion suggests that foreign involvement in the Wars of Independence was a crucial catalyst to national identity formation in Gran Colombia. As such the article brings out the extent to which these wars were part of Atlantic networks which were being reconfigured during the Age of Revolution. Rather than forging national identities, the Wars of Independence were the arena in which elites foraged for the constituents of new states and nations.

Reviewed by: More than Just Peloteros: Sport and U.S. Latino Communities ed. by Jorge Iber Alex Mendoza More than Just Peloteros: Sport and U.S. Latino Communities. Edited by Jorge Iber. ( Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2015. Pp. 320. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.) Sports history, according to Jorge Iber, is a reflection of the community in which it happens to reside. As significant as sports might be to the concepts of identity and memory to many Americans, Latinos and Latinas have not participated in the nostalgia-driven narratives present in history and popular culture. In the introduction, entitled “The Perils and Possibilities of ‘Quarterbacking While Mexican,’” Iber traces this discrepancy through the prism of analyzing how University of Southern California quarterback Mark Sanchez served as a powerful lightning rod for controversy when he led the Trojans in 2007 and 2008. Ultimately, Iber points out that the growth of the Latino/a population has led to more academic study of their effect on sports. Prominent among the scholars who have explored the topic of Latinos in sports are Iber and Samuel Regalado. In 2007 they edited an anthology, Mexican Americans and Sport: A Reader on Athletics and Barrio Life. This work, which included essays on sports ranging from high school football to track and field, directly addressed the growing trend of Hispanics in twentieth century sports history. Iber’s latest work takes on a larger task, exploring the impact of Latinos/as in sports and recreation from the 1700s to the present in ten essays, most of which appeared in a special issue of the International Journal for the History of Sport. His goal is to “demonstrate how people of Mexican and other Latino descent have used sport in the United States to build community and challenge the majority population’s notion of Mexican American intellectual, athletic, and cultural weakness” (11). Jesús F. de la Teja’s essay on the recreational world of early San Antonio from 1718 to 1845 demonstrates how Hispanic residents of the city used recreational activities to enrich their lives. Activities like the rodeo and the Corrida de la Sandia (watermelon race) celebrated how Spanishsurnamed individuals in the Southwest carried themselves in their daily lives. While de la Teja’s chapter devotes ample analysis to the concepts of recreation and community, other chapters address the particular impact sports had on racial identity and masculinity. Enver M. Casimir’s “A Variable of Unwavering Significance: Latinos, African Americans, and the Racial Identity of Kid Chocolate” traces the career of Eligio Sardinas, a Cuban boxer in the 1920s and 1930s whose success in the ring underscored the importance of both racial and national identity in the contemporary media. The African American and Latino communities each laid claim to “Kid Chocolate” as one of their own, thus highlighting how ambiguous racial identity could be. The concept of masculinity in the Latino community is addressed by Eduardo García and José M. Alamillo in two separate chapters. García’s [End Page 229] essay, which studies Mexican Americans in El Paso during the 1940s, argues that Paseños used sports to carve a niche for their community during the mid-twentieth century. Their success in athletics was used to parley a more prominent place within the Anglo population as Mexican Americans proved their barrios were not poverty-stricken havens for crime and vice. Alamillo’s chapter on Richard “Pancho” González explores the world of tennis during the 1940s. Alamillo maintains that González, whom he calls an early “bad boy” of the tennis world, used aggressive play and a fiery character off the court to carve his own image of American nationalism during the Cold War era. Additional essays address the local history concept Iber mentioned in his introduction. Baseball in south Chicago, basketball in Arizona, football in South Texas, and minor-league baseball and major-league soccer in Houston round out the collection of articles that ably fulfill the editor’s goals for his work. Iber, nevertheless, concedes the limitation of his collection. He stresses the need for additional studies on Puerto Ricans and Hispanic women in sports. He also admits his heavy geographic focus on Texas sports...

The historical memory of the imperial past is central to Portuguese national identity. However, in recent years, this memory has been challenged, both from outside, due to changing international norms about colonial violence, and from within, with national organisations mobilising against the Portuguese state’s failure to acknowledge the harm caused by Portuguese colonialism. This article focuses on the ongoing dispute between opposing conceptions of the historical truth about Portugal’s colonial past. It contrasts the official memory of the state with the insurgent counter-memory practices of civil society, explaining the state’s reluctance to address the wrongs of the colonial past. It identifies the main actors and initiatives in promoting post-colonial justice, examines how the state has responded to their demands, and how truth-seeking processes have contributed to social change. The article also places these struggles in the context of current social, political, and epistemic changes resulting from changing world geopolitics and global political and economic crises. In this context, post-colonial memory is conceived as a space of dissent, conflict, exchange, and negotiation, within which civil society plays a fundamental role in the search for historical truth, recognition, and social justice.

The recent debate on decolonisation calls for all academic disciplines, including missiology modules, at public universities to reflect on its content, curriculum and pedagogies. However, the danger is always that to ‘de-…’ might lead to an exclusivist and essentialist pattern of a person or institution, and an act that does not take all epistemic communities seriously. The author argues in this article that such tendencies would not be conducive in South Africa, a country with a rich heritage of various cultures. Epistemologies at public universities should embrace all cultures in order to be relevant and transformative. The article oscillates between essentialism in social, racial identities and non-essentialism thereof – primarily contending for the inclusion and appreciation of all social and cultural identities in South African curriculum and content for higher education, in particular, the cultural tradition and heritage among the so-called ‘coloured’ communities. The article reassesses the contributions of theologians towards racial and ethnic identity. The author uses one particular ‘racial identity’ as a case study for racial essentialism and to argue for an inclusive approach in mission education. The article conclusively argues for the re-imagination and inclusion of ‘coloured’ as an African identity in the discipline of missiology.

This chapter explores how Japanese writers of fiction working during the Allied Occupation (1945-1952) contributed to the postwar discourses of racial, national, and linguistic identity, as influenced by the historical circumstances of war, defeat, privation, and occupation by a foreign power. The presence of the Occupation forces acted as a mirror in which previously occluded elements of Japanese racial and cultural identity became visible, and were then incorporated into the efforts of writers to use narrative in reorienting themselves to the drastically changed social and political environment. Particularly in times of extraordinary cultural upheaval, narrative is key to the reconstruction of some kind of identity that will allow a person to live through the traumatic rupture and into a viable present. The chapter integrates discussion of information and texts from the three usually disparate fields: social/political history, cultural theory, and literature and literary analysis.Keywords: allied occupation; cultural identity; fiction; foreign power; Japanese writers; Occupation forces; racial identity