Abstract
The effect of microalgae-based swine waste water treatment on the removal of antibiotic multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was investigated. Photobioreactors (PBRs) containing diluted swine digestate with and without microalgae Scenedesmus spp. were inoculated with S. typhimurium (108 Colony Forming Units per milliliters - CFU mL-1). Viable cells of S. typhimurium were quantified over time by plate counts and qPCR amplification of the Salmonella invasion gene activator, hilA. In the absence of microalgae, S. typhimurium concentrations increased 1.5 log cells mL-1 in 96 h. In the presence of microalgae, S. typhimurium was completely eradicated within 48 h. In the PBRs with controlled pH (6.8 ± 0.8), concentration of S. typhimurium remained constant (2.8 ± 0.2 log CFU mL-1) throughout 96 h. Thus, natural increase in pH>10 due to photosynthesis was detrimental to the antibiotic multiresistant bacteria survival. Phycoremediation holds promises as an alternative for waste water treatment process for the elimination of the serious public health threatening antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria, thus effectively avoiding Salmonellosis outbreaks arising from animal farming activities.
Highlights
Major concerns exist over the several invasive and antibiotic resistant organisms thriving in swine waste waters and that are known to threaten human and animal health
This study demonstrates whether phycoremediation of swine waste waters could effectively control the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
PBRs were inoculated with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (105 CFU mL-1) and Scenedesmus spp. (30% v/v, 70 mg L-1 dry weight biomass), except the negative control without microalgae
Summary
Major concerns exist over the several invasive and antibiotic resistant organisms thriving in swine waste waters and that are known to threaten human and animal health. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium deserves special attention since it is the most prevalent antimicrobial resistant serovar in swines, and frequently related to human infections and outbreaks [1]. Several physicochemical approaches are described to control the proliferation of pathogens, such as exposure to UV irradiation [2,3] use of strong oxidant radicals [2], pH increase [4], and selective membranes [5]. Pathogen elimination can occur under thermophilic conditions, but not under mesophilic conditions that prevail in most digesters [8]
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