Abstract
BackgroundElevated atmospheric CO2 has direct and indirect influences on ecosystem processes. The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on carbon and nitrogen transformations, together with the microbial community, was evaluated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an open-top chamber replicated wetland. The responses of nitrogen and carbon pools in water and wetland soil, and microbial community abundance were studied under ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 (ambient + 200 μL L−1).ResultsTotal biomass for the whole plant under elevated CO2 increased by an average of 8% (p = 0.022). Wetlands, with water hyacinth, showed a significant increase in total carbon and total organic carbon in water by 7% (p = 0.001) and 21% (p = 0.001), respectively, under elevated CO2 compared to that of ambient CO2. Increase in dissolved carbon in water correlates with the presence of wetland plants since the water hyacinth can directly exchange CO2 from the atmosphere to water by the upper epidermis of leaves. Also, the enrichment CO2 showed an increase in total carbon and total organic carbon concentration in wetland soil by 3% (p = 0.344) and 6% (p = 0.008), respectively. The total nitrogen content in water increased by 26% (p = 0.0001), while total nitrogen in wetland soil pool under CO2 enrichment decreased by 9% (p = 0.011) due to increased soil microbial community abundance, extracted by phospholipid fatty acids, which was 25% larger in amount than that of the ambient treatment.ConclusionThe study revealed that the elevated CO2 would affect the carbon and nitrogen transformations in wetland plant, water, and soil pool and increase soil microbial community abundance.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas, which has increased by around 2 ppm of the current rate per year
One open-top chamber (OTC) was used for ambient CO2 and another was used for elevated CO2 without any input of N treatment
From the study (Fig. 3), the mean water total carbon (TC) with the plants was increased by 21% in time with 10.52 ± 0.3 mg/L with plants as compared to 8.69 ± 0.2 mg/L without plants under the same CO2 concentration
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas, which has increased by around 2 ppm of the current rate per year. The rising atmospheric CO2 has direct and indirect influences on nitrogen losses in ecosystems. Other studies revealed that increasing CO2 (inflow of C to the soil) would change the rates of nitrogen mineralization (Gao et al 2019). Plants grown under elevated CO2 showed variations in root responses, depending on species and environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, light, water, and nutrient availability (Gao et al 2019). The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on carbon and nitrogen transformations, together with the microbial community, was evaluated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an open-top chamber replicated wetland. The responses of nitrogen and carbon pools in water and wetland soil, and microbial community abundance were studied under ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 (ambient + 200 μL L−1)
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