Abstract
Compositions of dry and wet atmospheric depositions vary depending on geographic locations and industrialization. Fog waters were collected from different regions of Bangladesh along with rain, sub-surface irrigation water and dust particles from Gazipur and compositions were analyzed. The compositions of fog water varied greatly among locations. The ammonium nitrogen (NH+4-N) content was the highest (36 - 37 ppm) in Gazipur district and the lowest in Sylhet district (3.2 - 3.6 ppm). Phosphorus (5.2 - 5.5 mg/L), K (29.5 - 30 mg/L), S (11.0 - 11.5 mg/L), Zn (2.9 - 3.3 mg/L), Na (11.7 - 12.5 mg/L), Ca (22.0 - 23.3 mg/L) and Cd (0.14 - 0.17 mg/L) contents were also higher in Gazipur district. Dust particles, rain and sub-surface irrigation water of Gazipur district contained considerable amounts of macro and micro elements. We conclude that dry and wet atmospheric depositions varied depending on locations and industrial development. Such study needs to be correlated with ecological consequences and soil fertility management.
Highlights
Fog as mist or liquid or solid hydrometeor particles or a near-surface cloud in the air [1] contains different suspended or dissolved materials
Fog waters were collected from different regions of Bangladesh along with rain, sub-surface irrigation water and dust particles from Gazipur and compositions were analyzed
Fog water and cloud play an important role to the atmospheric chemistry, air quality and atmospheric pollutants due to the intense combustion of fossil fuels and higher industrial emissions in some areas of East Asia [1] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Summary
Fog as mist or liquid or solid hydrometeor particles or a near-surface cloud in the air [1] contains different suspended or dissolved materials. It is a very complex and dynamic medium allowing both reorganization and removal of particle mass [2]. The sources, formation processes and transport corridors of these particles in moist air [3], their dissolution, evaporation and eventual deposition to the surface determine the chemistry of fog. Fog water and cloud play an important role to the atmospheric chemistry, air quality and atmospheric pollutants due to the intense combustion of fossil fuels and higher industrial emissions in some areas of East Asia [1] [6] [7] [8] [9]
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