Abstract
ABSTRACT Glomerular proteinuria is characterized by the loss of high-molecular-weight proteins (HMWPs), while tubulointerstitial proteinuria is characterized by the loss of low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWPs). The objective was to assess the molecular weight of urinary proteins (MWUP) in dogs with naturally acquired CKD and determine the proportion of HMWPs and LMWPs according to CKD stage. Twenty-eight dogs with CKD were recruited and divided into 4 groups based on serum creatinine (Cr) levels (group1: Cr<1,4, n=8; group2: 1,4<Cr<2,0, n=6; group3: 2,1<Cr<5, n=9; group4: Cr>5,0, n=5). The control group consisted of 5 healthy dogs. The MWUP was determined by SDS-PAGE. The urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP/C) was used to quantitatively assess proteinuria. The electrophoresis pattern revealed a proportionally greater loss of HMWPthan of LMWP in all groups with CKD and an increased loss of LMWP in group 4 (P<0.05). These results suggest a predominance of glomerular injuries throughout all stages of CKD in these dogs and an increase in tubulointerstitial injury towards the end-stage of the disease. The results of the present study support the recommendation of SDS-PAGE as an effective technique for the qualitative assessment of proteinuria, as well as a method for assessing the severity and location of renal injury.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high morbidity in elderly canine populations and occurs when there is a structural and/or functional impairment in one or both kidneys that persists for at least three months (Lee, 2004; Roudebush et al, 2009; Polzin, 2011b; Bartges, 2012)
Glomerular proteinuria is characterized by the loss of high-molecular-weight proteins (HMWPs), while tubulointerstitial proteinuria is characterized by the loss of low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWPs)
The objective was to assess the molecular weight of urinary proteins (MWUP) in dogs with naturally acquired CKD and determine the proportion of HMWPs and LMWPs according to CKD stage
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high morbidity in elderly canine populations and occurs when there is a structural and/or functional impairment in one or both kidneys that persists for at least three months (Lee, 2004; Roudebush et al, 2009; Polzin, 2011b; Bartges, 2012). The origin of pathological renal proteinuria can be glomerular or tubulointerstitial (Lees et al, 2005; Grauer, 2007; Polzin, 2007; Chew et al, 2011; Syme and Elliot, 2011). Proteinuria is of prognostic importance for CKD in dogs and cats (Grauer, 2005a, 2005b; Jacob et al, 2005; Kriz and Lehir, 2005; Grauer, 2007; Polzin, 2007; Kuwahara et al, 2008; Chew et al, 2011; Elliot and Watson, 2010; Syme and Elliot, 2011). Studies have shown that dogs with CKD and persistent proteinuria are at greater risk of experiencing a fatal uremic crisis than nonproteinuric patients (Jacob et al, 2005)
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