Abstract
In Chapter 4 it was shown how the chemical isomer shift and quadrupole splitting in diamagnetic compounds are dependent on the oxidation state and covalent bonding of the resonant atom. The chemical isomer shift in paramagnetic compounds is governed by the same principles, and it was therefore convenient to consider the influence of covalency in high-spin Fe2+ and low-spin Fe(III) compounds in Section 4.5. However, the presence of an unpaired electron can result in magnetic and quadrupole interactions which are intimately related to the orbital state of the atom. It is therefore appropriate to consider these separately. The major part of this chapter is concerned with iron chemistry, but the ideas expressed are also applicable to other elements, and some of these are discussed separately at the end of the chapter.
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