Electronic relaxation rates in metallic ferromagnets

Abstract

We show that the single-particle and transport relaxation rates in ferromagnetic metals, which determine the thermal and electrical conductivity, respectively, at asymptotically low temperature do not obey a power law as previously thought, but rather show an exponential temperature dependence. The reason is the splitting of the conduction band that inevitably results from a nonzero magnetization. At higher temperatures there is a sizable temperature window where the transport rate shows a T^2 temperature dependence, in accord with prior results. This window is separated from the asymptotic regime by a temperature scale that is estimated to range from tens of mK to tens of K for typical ferromagnets. We motivate and derive a very general effective theory for metallic magnets that we then use to derive these results. Comparisons with existing experiments are discussed, and predictions for future experiments at low temperatures are made.