Abstract
Recently, graphene has been extensively researched in fundamental science and engineering fields and has been developed for various electronic applications in emerging technologies owing to its outstanding material properties, including superior electronic, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. Thus, graphene has enabled substantial progress in the development of the current electronic systems. Here, we introduce the most important electronic and thermal properties of graphene, including its high conductivity, quantum Hall effect, Dirac fermions, high Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric effects. We also present up-to-date graphene-based applications: optical devices, electronic and thermal sensors, and energy management systems. These applications pave the way for advanced biomedical engineering, reliable human therapy, and environmental protection. In this review, we show that the development of graphene suggests substantial improvements in current electronic technologies and applications in healthcare systems.
Highlights
Graphene is a recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope that consists of only a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice and is a base unit for other graphitic materials
We presented a review of the electronic and thermal properties of graphene and its up-to-date applications
Graphene has exceptional physical characteristics compared to other usual metals and semiconductors and has the potential for extensive applications
Summary
Graphene is a recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope that consists of only a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice and is a base unit for other graphitic materials. Various electronics, such as next-generation radio-frequency and high-speed devices, sensors, thermally and electrically conductive composites, and transparent electrodes for solar cells and displays, have been widely developed [8] Novel materials such as quantum dots (QDs) and rare earth elements have been thoroughly studied to support the fast-growing technology and to continuously enhance the performance of electronics [9,10,11]. We present a review of the electronic and thermal properties of graphene and its up-to-date applications, including high conductivity, the quantum Hall effect, Dirac fermions, a high Seebeck coefficient, thermoelectric effects, optical devices, electronic and thermal sensors, and energy management systems. The remarkable potential to extend the field of applications based on graphene is suggested
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