Abstract
Carbon brushes and copper commutator strips have been analyzed by a combination of techniques to investigate possible surface-related phenomena in the excessive wear of carbon brushes in motors and generators. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were used in this study. A thin SiO 2 film, of the order of 30 Å on the brushes, and of the order of several hundred Å on the commutators, was correlated with high wear and is believed to be the chief cause of the excessive wear. Possible models for the effect of SiO 2 on carbon brush wear are discussed.
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