Electromagnetic waves between mutually moving radiator and receiver

Abstract

A flat one-dimensional field of electromagnetic waves described by Maxwell's equations is considered. In the framework of solving the Cauchy problems of hyperbolic equations, we study the period of harmonic waves on the receiver for different versions of the relative motion of the radiator and receiver. Formulas for the ratio of the periods of generated and received waves are obtained. It is found that when the relative motion of the radiator and receiver is relative to each other, the receiver receives waves of a different period that creates a generator on the radiator. When the radiator and receiver approach, the wave period shortens, and when they are removed from each other, the wave period lengthens. These phenomena are known to practical physics and are called blue and red shifts. The formulas allow us to see that at a constant velocity of mutual movement, there is a qualitative difference in the periods of received waves, when the radiator is moving and the receiver is stationary, and, conversely, when the receiver is moving and the radiator is stationary. For all variants of the mutual movement of the radiator and receiver, the Doppler effect formulas are obtained. What is remarkable is that the Doppler effect does not change because the radiator is moving and the receiver is stationary, or, conversely, the receiver is moving and the radiator is stationary. This is also observed when the radiator overtakes a moving receiver or, conversely, the receiver overtakes a moving radiator. It is concluded that mathematical models of the detected physical effects are a manifestation of the physical properties of the medium in which electromagnetic waves propagate – a medium called the emptiness. In the near future, humanity will enter deep space and reach velocities comparable to the light velocity. This will make it possible to conduct experiments with vehicles moving relative to each other and obtain results of direct observations of the physical properties of the emptiness. These experiments are extremely important because they will lead humanity to the knowledge of the properties of what has become, as it can be assumed, the basis of all that we directly or indirectly observe in the world around us.