Abstract
A systematic approach for the selection of electrochemical parameters for the electrodeposition of tin-rich copper–tin alloys has been performed. This was enabled by using a Cu:Sn ratio of 1:10 in the electrolyte. The effect of this metal ion ratio in the electrolyte and surfactants on the tin content in the deposit was examined using a rotating disk electrode. Cyclic voltammetry showed that inclusion of surfactant in the electrolyte had no effect on the reduction potential of tin which remained at −0.45V. However, the reduction potential for copper decreased from −0.13 to −0.18V, thereby making alloy deposition more facile. Chronoamperometry and anodic stripping voltammetry showed that current efficiency for copper–tin deposition ranged from 92 to 95%. Electrodeposition experiments to obtain high Sn content were carried out at constant current using vitreous carbon electrodes. Deposits containing up to 96wt% tin were obtained. Cu–Sn alloys consisted of two phases, tetragonal tin and a hexagonal Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound.
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