Abstract
The study is devoted to the electronic properties and structure of bismuth films obtained by electrodeposition from high-speed perchlorate electrolyte. Polycrystalline samples were synthesized in acidic perchlorate electrolyte under the (0.18–70.0) mA/cm2 cathode current density and annealed at 265 °C in the He gas atmosphere. The structure, microstructure and electron properties of Bi films were characterized using X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. Electrical resistance, magnetoresistance, and Hall coefficient were studied at the 5–300 K temperature range under magnetic field up to 8 T. A specific and unexpected behavior has been found concerning the average size and shape of Bi grains with increasing of the current density: the increase in deposition current density up to 70.0 mA/cm2 contributes to Bi films formation with more isotropic and reduced average grains size. Samples synthesized under 0.18 mA/cm2 current density after annealing showed electronic properties, including magnetoresistance, similar to those of flawless single-crystals. The differences in the electronic characteristics of Bi films electrodeposited under different currents and electrolyte composition were explained by changes in electronic mobility due to scattering on grain boundaries.
Highlights
Bismuth attracts the researcher’s attention due to high mobility of electrons [1,2], numerous applications in sensorics [3,4,5,6], and environmental friendliness due to one of the lowest toxicity among heavy elements [7]
The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of elec trochemical deposition conditions of Bi films on their structure, microstructure, and electronic properties to explore the possibility of synthesizing high-quality polycrystalline samples with char acteristics comparable to single-crystalline ones
We have revealed the correlation between the main morphological, structural, and electronic properties of Bi films de posited under different conditions using newly-developed per chlorate electrolyte
Summary
Bismuth attracts the researcher’s attention due to high mobility of electrons [1,2], numerous applications in sensorics [3,4,5,6], and environmental friendliness due to one of the lowest toxicity among heavy elements [7]. Bismuth is a semimetal with a high mobility of charge carriers (102 m2/(V·s) or higher at 4 K), which results in high electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and relative magnetoresistance. These properties make Bi-based materials attractive for the devel opment of magnetic field sensors [2,5,6], electrochromic devices [14], thermoelectric coolers [15,16], etc. Numerous researchers re port that Bi electrodes can replace both toxic Hg electrodes in the potentiometric analysis [10] and Pb shields for the protection of integrated microcircuits from ionizing radiation [17,18,19]
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