Abstract
Electrochemical deposition of palladium from 0.04 M Pd(NH3)4Cl2, NH4Cl, and NH4OH bath (pH = 10) on stainless steel electrode was studied by voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and chronoamperometry. Crossovers in cyclic voltammograms demonstrate that the deposition of palladium proceed via a nucleation/growth mechanism. Chronopotentiograms indicate that palladium reduction is not controlled by diffusion and Sand’s law is not obeyed. In the early stage of the deposition, two-dimensional (2D) nucleation and growth proceeding through instantaneous and a multitude of progressive steps followed the initial double layer charging. The processes are manifested as broad maxima in chronoamperogram and after which the current transient terminates to a plateau. Non-linear fitting methods were applied to obtain the kinetic parameters in the light of Bewick, Fleischmann, and Thirsk theory for 2D and Armstrong, Fleischmann, and Thirsk model for 3D nucleation and growth process.
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