Abstract

This study reports a sensor using a bimetallic metal-organic framework combined with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) (ZrCuBTC MOFs) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to determine the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in industrial wastewater. ZrCuBTC/GO was cast on a bare glassy carbon electrode followed by CTAB for analyte adsorption to produce the CTAB/ZrCuBTC/GO@GCE. The ZrCuBTC/GO was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The electrochemical properties of these materials and 2,4-DCP on the CTAB/ZrCuBTC/GO were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The ZrCuBTC/GO had particle sizes from 20 to 40 nm, a pore diameter of 2.71 nm, a pore volume of 0.793 cm3 g−1, and a surface area of 1227 m2 g−1. Under the optimized conditions, the sensor had excellent electrocatalytic activity and high selectivity for 2,4-DCP. Linear ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, 0.1 to 1.5, and 1.5 to 30 µM were obtained with a low detection limit of 8 nM and excellent reproducibility of 2.71%. Wastewater before and after spiking was analyzed using the sensor and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results were comparable with recoveries from 94.9 to 110.3 and 88.6 to 100.2%, respectively. Therefore the developed approach was suitable for the determination of 2,4-DCP in environmental samples.

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