Abstract
Electrode surfaces have been widely modified with electrically conductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPY), to improve the performance of electrodes. To utilize conductive polymers for electrode modification, strong adhesion between the polymer films and electrode substrates should be ensured with high electrical/electrochemical activities. In this study, PPY films were electrochemically polymerized on electrodes (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)) with dopamine as a bio-inspired adhesive molecule. Efficient and fast PPY electrodeposition with dopamine (PDA/PPY) was found; the resultant PDA/PPY films exhibited greatly increased adhesion strengths of up to 3.7 ± 0.8 MPa and the modified electrodes had electrochemical impedances two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of an unmodified electrode. This electrochemical deposition of adhesive and conductive PDA/PPY offers a facile and versatile electrode modification for various applications, such as biosensors and batteries.
Highlights
IntroductionChemically polymerized PPY nanoparticles with DA using chemical oxidant ammonium persulfate
Chemically polymerized PPY nanoparticles with DA using chemical oxidant ammonium persulfate. They found that the films, prepared with the DA-incorporated PPy nanoparticles, showed higher electrical conductivity and the greatly improved adhesion to glass substrates compared to the films prepared with PPY nanoparticles
To study the oxidation of the monomers, cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests of DA, pyrrole, and DA/pyrrole on ITO electrodes were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 6) (Fig. 2a)
Summary
Chemically polymerized PPY nanoparticles with DA using chemical oxidant ammonium persulfate. They found that the films, prepared with the DA-incorporated PPy nanoparticles, showed higher electrical conductivity and the greatly improved adhesion to glass substrates compared to the films prepared with PPY nanoparticles. The use of chemically synthesized PPY-DA nanoparticle is not suitable to modify electrode surface due to the inherent difficulties in finely controlling layer thickness and selectively coating them on electrode surfaces[32,33]. With the aim of improving electrode performance, we electrochemically polymerized PPY with DA to form conductive coatings, PDA/PPY, on ITO electrodes by utilizing the electrically conductive polymer PPY and mussel adhesive-inspired DA chemistry (Fig. 1). Synthesis conditions of PDA/PPY and characteristics of the electrochemically produced coatings and electrodes were investigated
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