Abstract
Bioelectrodes are key components of electronic devices that efficiently mediate electrical signals in biological systems. However, conventional bioelectrodes often undergo biofouling associated with non-specific proteins and cell adhesion on the electrode surfaces, which leads to seriously degraded electrical and/or electrochemical properties. Hence, a facile and effective method to modify the surface of bioelectrodes is required to introduce anti-biofouling properties and improve performance. Here, we report an electrochemical surface modification of a bioelectrode via co-deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) and polydopamine (PDA). The electrochemical polymerization and deposition of PDA offered simple and effective incorporation of highly hydrophilic and anti-fouling HA to the electrode surfaces, with no substantial increase in impedance. HA-incorporated PDA (PDA/HA)-modified electrodes displayed significant resistance to non-specific protein adsorption and the adhesion of fibroblasts. In addition, 4-week subcutaneous implantation studies revealed that the modified electrodes attenuated scar tissue formation compared with that induced by unmodified bare electrodes. This simple and effective electrochemical surface modification could be further employed for various implantable bioelectrodes (e.g., prosthetics and biosensors) and could extend their bioelectronic applications.
Highlights
Biomedical electronic devices have been developed for various applications, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable prosthetic devices, and neural electrodes (Xu et al, 2014; Choi et al, 2016; Feiner et al, 2016; Park et al, 2018)
We further investigated the electrochemical deposition of PDA and PDA/hyaluronic acid (HA) in the galvanostatic mode by applying a constant potential of 1 V for 1 h (Figure 2C)
To create anti-biofouling bioelectrodes, we developed and demonstrated a facile and effective method for direct electrochemical coating of PDA/HA onto electrodes
Summary
Biomedical electronic devices have been developed for various applications, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable prosthetic devices, and neural electrodes (Xu et al, 2014; Choi et al, 2016; Feiner et al, 2016; Park et al, 2018). For conventional implanted bioelectrodes, scar tissue is frequently formed around the electrodes, which eventually impedes their electrical and/or electrochemical properties, and limits their practical uses (Lin et al, 2013; Hu et al, 2016). This phenomenon is known as a typical foreign body response (FBR), which occurs as a host defense mechanism when foreign biomaterials are implanted into the body. Polydopamine/Hyaluronic Acid for Anti-biofouling Bioelectrodes a simple and effective strategy to develop anti-biofouling bioelectrodes is required to suppress scarring associated with the bioelectrodes and improve their functions in a biological milieu
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