Electrochemical Characteristics of Solid State-Synthesized Mn2SiO4 as a Negative Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Exploring the potential of Ti2BT2 (T = F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se and Te) monolayers as anode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries

Carbonyl rich conjugated polymer electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries possessed the advantages of strong molecular design ability, abundance and high theoretical capacity. In this work, a Co2+ coordinated conjugated polymer using 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-p-benzoquinone (TABQ) as building block was constructed and developed as electrode material for all organic symmetric lithium-ion batteries, outputting a specific capacity of over 100 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA g-1. Performances of Co-TABQ in half cells were explored. The Co-TABQ cathode delivered a capacity of 133.3 mAh g-1 after 150 cycles at 20 mA g-1. When cycled at higher current density of 500 mA g-1, the capacity gradually increased to 109.4 mAh g-1 after 4000 cycles. The Co-TABQ anode displayed a stable capacity of 568.6 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1. The charge transfer within the electrode was greatly reduced due to the metallic centers in the extended conjugated skeleton, and the reversible Li+ storage was achieved by the active C=O and imine groups. This work showed the great potential of metal mediated conjugated polymer in Lithium-ion batteries.

Atomic-scale insights into the performance of electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries require thermodynamic considerations as first step in order to determine potential surface structures that are relevant for subsequent kinetic studies. Within the last 20 years, research in heterogeneous catalysis as well as in electrocatalysis has been spurred by the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach, whose application for electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries is eyed and discussed in this perspective article.

Lithium-ion batteries based on intercalation compounds have dominated the advanced portable energy storage market. The positive electrode materials in these batteries belong to a material group of lithium-conducting crystals that contain redox-active transition metal and lithium. Materials without lithium-conducting paths or lithium-free compounds could be rarely used as positive electrodes due to the incapability of reversible lithium intercalation or the necessity of using metallic lithium as negative electrodes. These constraints have significantly limited the choice of materials and retarded the development of new positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrate that lithium-free transition metal monoxides that do not contain lithium-conducting paths in their crystal structure can be converted into high-capacity positive electrodes in the electrochemical cell by initially decorating the monoxide surface with nanosized lithium fluoride. This unusual electrochemical behaviour is attributed to a surface conversion reaction mechanism in contrast with the classic lithium intercalation reaction. Our findings will offer a potential new path in the design of positive electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries feature lithium element and lithium-ion conduction paths. Here the authors report transition metal monoxides that contain neither the intrinsic lithium nor conduction channels for high-capacity positive electrode materials.

Organic conjugated carbonyl compounds provide potential advantages such as high specific capacity, low-cost, and environmental benignancy. These merits make them promising candidates as electrode materials for next-generation green Lithiumion batteries (LIBs). The research progresses on organic conjugated carbonyl compound electrode materials with particular focus on the mechanism of electrochemical reaction of conjugated carbonyl compound electrode materials, small molecular conjugated carbonyl compounds and conjugated carbonyl polymers are reviewed. The new strategies to improve the performance of the electrode materials are pointed out, and the future development direction is given.

Fe1.5V2(PO4)3/C phosphate as a negative electrode material for high-rate performance lithium-ion batteries

An optimized nanostructure design of electrode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries was realized by introducing three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube (CNT) networks into transition metal oxide nanomicrospheres. A CuO−CNT composite was selected as a typical example of the optimized design. Self-assembled CuO and CuO−CNT nanomicrospheres have been successfully synthesized by a simple solution method and investigated with SEM, TEM, XRD, and electrochemical experiments. The CuO−CNT composite spheres exhibit remarkably enhanced cycling performance and rate performance compared with CuO spheres when being used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. It benefits from an as-formed 3D network of CNTs, which has dual functions, viz. a 3D current collector network and an elastic buffer.

Origin of anomalous high-rate Na-ion electrochemistry in layered bismuth telluride anodes

Nickel aluminum layered double hydroxide (NiAl LDH) with nitrate in its interlayer is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the performance of the material is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. The NiAl LDH electrode based on sodium alginate (SA) binder shows a high initial discharge specific capacity of 2586 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and good stability in the potential range of 0.01–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li, which is better than what obtained with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based electrode. The NiAl LDH electrode with SA binder shows, after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, a cycling retention of 42.2% with a capacity of 697 mAh g−1 and at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 shows a retention of 27.6% with a capacity of 388 mAh g−1 over 1400 cycles. In the same conditions, the PVDF-based electrode retains only 15.6% with a capacity of 182 mAh g−1 and 8.5% with a capacity of 121 mAh g−1, respectively. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism.Graphical abstractThe as-prepared NiAl-NO3−-LDH with the rhombohedral R-3 m space group is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the material’s performance is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism. This work highlights the possibility of the direct application of NiAl LDH materials as negative electrodes for LIBs.

With the rapid development of electric vehicles in recent years, researchers are looking for more efficient electrode materials for lithium batteries. With the iteration of positive and negative electrode materials for lithium batteries, ordinary electrode materials have been unable to meet the market demand for battery performance. The emergence of nanometer electrode materials began to solve this problem gradually. Therefore, many nanomaterials have emerged in recent years. This paper describes the working principle of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in lithium battery electrodes. This paper is divided into two aspects: the application of nanotechnology to positive electrode materials and the application to negative electrode materials. In the application of cathode materials, this paper focuses on introducing lithium manganese phosphate and lithium iron silicate and their nano-sized morphology. It includes the disadvantages of original materials and the advantages of nano-sized materials. At the same time, it also introduces ways of preparing nano-sized materials, such as the solid phase method and gel method. In the negative electrode application of nanomaterials, this paper presents the iteration of two traditional inorganic, nonmetallic materials used in electrodes in batteries and the preparation methods of nanization by comparing graphite with carbon nanotubes and silicon with nano-silicon wires, such as the arc discharge method.

Safety aspects of different graphite negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Heat evolution was measured for different types of graphitic carbon between 30 and 300°C. This heat evolution, which is irreversible, starts above 100°C. From the values of energy evolved, the temperature rise in complete lithium-ion cells was estimated. The heat evolved between 80 and 220°C is a linear function of the irreversible charge capacity of the carbon. The specific Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method surface area measured by nitrogen gas adsorption, which is usually also a linear function of irreversible charge capacity, may be used with certain reservations to calculate approximately the heat evolution of graphitic carbon negative electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Graphite materials are usually safer if their irreversible charge capacity during the first cycle is low. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

Nickel selenide nanorod arrays as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors

A theoretical method to predict novel organic electrode materials for Na-ion batteries

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Metal oxide hollow structures have received great attention because of their many promising applications in a wide range of fields. As electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), metal oxide hollow structures provide high specific capacity, superior rate capability, and improved cycling performance. In this Research News, we summarize the recent research activities in the synthesis of metal oxide hollow nanostructures with controlled shape, size,composition, and structural complexity, as well as their applications in LIBs. By focusing on hollow structures of some binary metal oxides (such as SnO 2 ,TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 ) and complex metal oxides, we seek to provide some rational understanding on the effect of nanostructure engineering on the electrochemical performance of the active materials. It is thus anticipated that this article will shed some light on the development of advanced electrode materials for next-generation LIBs.