Abstract
Electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions have been investigated using surface-fluorinated graphite electrodes in 1 M LiCl0 4-EC/DEC (1:1) at 25°C. The 2 and 10 min-fluorinated graphite samples contained small amounts of fluorine, 0.5–2.2 at% and 0.6–3.7 at%, while their surface fluorine concentrations were 6.0–14.6 at% and 7.1–18.1 at%, respectively. Raman spectra indicated that the surface fluorination caused the surface disordering of graphite. The 2 min-fluorinated graphite samples showed the higher charge capacities than original graphite by about 5–10%, that is, 380–400 mA h g −1 and the half of 10 min-fluorinated graphite samples also gave the high charge capacities of about 380 mA h g −1. XPS and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the most of fluorine atoms were removed from graphite surface and the surface disordering of graphite was increased by charge–discharge cycling. Based on these results, the mechanism on the capacity increase by the surface fluorination of graphite was discussed.
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